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Journal of Dental Research
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Immunohistochemical Evidence for ATP Receptors in Human Dental Pulp

A.M. Alavi

Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK, xmicron{at}aol.com

G.R. Dubyak

Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

G. Burnstock

Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK

Evidence is accumulating which supports a role for ATP in the initiation of pain by acting on P2X receptors, in particular P2X3, expressed on nociceptive afferent nerve terminals. To investigate whether this receptor plays a role in dental pain, we studied the presence and distribution of P2X3 receptors in human dental pulp, and their co-localization with other neural markers. Pulps were removed from extracted third molars and immunohistochemically stained with an antibody against P2X3 receptors. P2X3 immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers were detected in the main body of the pulp, in the sub-odontoblastic plexus of Raschkow, and within the odontoblastic area. Co-localization of the P2X3-ir neurons with neurofilament protein (NF) showed that the majority of the fibers were positive for both NF and P2X3. Double labeling with isolectin B4 (IB4) showed that all P2X3-ir neurons also bind IB4. We conclude that P2X3 receptors are present on both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in human dental pulp and may play a role in dental pain mechanisms.

Key Words: P2X receptors • pulp neurons • pain • human • immunohistochemistry

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 80, No. 2, 476-483 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800021501
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