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Intermittent Force in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Departments of Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580 Japan, tetsuro{at}kyu-dent.ac.jp

Y.J. Kim

Yonsei University College of Dentistry Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea

G.M. Gu

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

G.J. King

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

A single orthodontic activation lasting one hour can initiate tooth movement. The purpose of this study is to examine tooth movement, osteoclasts, and root resorption in rats following several one-hour activations. Rats (n = 144) were randomly assigned to intermittent (multiple activations of 1 hr/day), continuous, and sham appliances. Twelve rats were killed at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. Tooth movement, osteoclasts, osteoclast %, and root resorption % were quantified. Continuous force moved molars mesially at days 3 and 14 (p < 0.05), but intermittent and sham did not. Intermittent and continuous force increased osteoclast numbers at days 3, 5, and 7 (p < 0.05). Continuous force increased osteoclast surface on days 3 and 14 (p < 0.05). Continuous force increased root resorption at days 5, 7, and 14 (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that orthodontic force for one hour in 24 stimulates osteoclasts at compression sites but does not stimulate tooth movement or root resorption.

Key Words: tooth movement • orthodontics • osteoclasts • intermittent force • root resorption.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 80, No. 2, 457-460 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800021101


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