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Journal of Dental Research
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Composition of Plaque and Saliva Following a Sucrose Challenge and Use of an a-tricalcium-phosphate-containing Chewing Gum

G.L. Vogel

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Room A 153, Bldg. 224, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

Z. Zhang

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Room A 153, Bldg. 224, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

C.M. Carey

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Room A 153, Bldg. 224, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

A. Ly

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Room A 153, Bldg. 224, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

L.C. Chow

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Room A 153, Bldg. 224, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

H.M. Proskin

Howard M. Proskin and Associates, 35 Sleepy Hollow Lane, Rochester, New York 14618

Calcium phosphate concentrations in plaque, plaque fluid, and saliva play an important role in caries prevention. In this study, we used a microanalytical technique to examine the anticaries potential of a 2.5% (mass fraction) a-tricalcium-phosphate-fortified experimental gum by measuring the pH, free and total calcium, and total phosphate in plaque fluid, whole plaque, and saliva, and centrifuged saliva from 14 subjects who (1) accumulated plaque for 48 hours, (2) fasted overnight, (3) rinsed for 1 min with sucrose, and (4) chewed a control or experimental gum for 15 min. From these data, the hydroxyapatite (HAp) ion activity products (IAPHAp) of saliva and plaque fluid were calculated as a measure of tooth mineral saturation. Results, compared with those of the control gum, show significant increases in pH and in free calcium and phosphate concentrations in plaque fluid and saliva when the experimental gum was chewed following sucrose ingestion. These increases result in a rise in fluid saturation with respect to tooth mineral that, for plaque fluid, nearly cancels the decrease seen with the control gum after the sucrose rinse. This suggests that the experimental gum may be more effective than a conventional gum in ameliorating the cariogenic effects of sucrose. Similar statistically significant increases were also seen in the total calcium content of the plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva, whole saliva, and whole plaque, and in the total phosphate of whole plaque and whole saliva. These results suggest that the deposition of a mineral reservoir in plaque and saliva by the experimental gum may help resist future cariogenic challenges.

Key Words: gums • caries • plaque • saliva • enamel saturation.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 77, No. 3, 518-524 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345980770031101
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