This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Tohda, H. Articles by Yanagisawa, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tohda, H. Articles by Yanagisawa, T. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cementum Crystals Correlated with Ca and F Distribution in Normal and Carious Human Root Surfaces

Department of Ultrastructural Science, Tokyo Dental College, 1-1-1 Masago, Chiba City, Japan

O. Fejerskov

Department of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

T. Yanagisawa

Department of Ultrastructural Science, Tokyo Dental College, 1-1-1 Masago, Chiba City, Japan

Root-surface caries, like enamel caries, develops as a subsurface type of mineral loss. Very little is known about the composition of the surface zone covering the body of the lesion, and the ultrastructure and composition of carious cementum are not known. The aim of this study was to correlate the ultrastructure and arrangement of the cementum crystals with the distribution of fluoride and calcium in root cementum from human teeth with sound, unexposed, or exposed root surfaces as well as in early stages of root-surface caries. Microradiographically, unexposed specimens showed a relatively homogeneous mineral distribution contrasting with the formation of an apparently highly mineralized surface layer in exposed and, in particular, in carious cementum. The electron-probe findings showed a substantial fluoride peak corresponding to the surface layers in carious tissues in particular, whereas the calcium profile in the surface did not reflect the apparent increase in mineralization. A substantial increase in size of the cementum crystals was found in specimens with formation of the fluoride-rich, well-mineralized surface zone. The crystal lattice intervals when observed along the (001) plane showed a hydroxyapatite spacing. The findings indicated that a significant crystal growth can be achieved in human cementum concomitant with fluoride accumulation.

Key Words: root surface caries • apatite crystals • fluoride in cementum • remineralization

REFERENCES

• Amjad Z., Nancollas GH (1979). Effect of fluoride on the growth of hydroxyapatite and human dental enamel. Caries Res 13:250-258.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Barton NS, Van Swol RL (1987). Periodontally diseased vs. normal roots as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and electronprobe analysis. J Periodontol 58:634-638.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Cohen M., Garnick JJ, Ringle RD, Hanes PH, Thompson WO (1992). Calcium and phosphorus content of roots exposed to the oral environment. J Clin Periodontol 19:268-273. Daculsi G., Kerebel B., Verbaere A. (1978). Methode de mesure des cristaux d'apatite de la dentine humaine en microscopie electronique a transmission de haute resolution. C R Acad Sc Paris (Serie D):1439-1442.
• Daculsi G., Kerebel B., Le Cabellec M.-T, Kerebel, L-M. (1979). Qualitative and quantitative data on arrested caries in dentine. Caries Res 13:190-202.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Fejerskov O, Nyvad B. (1986). Pathology and treatment of dental caries in the aging individual. In: Geriatric dentistry. Holm-Pedersen P, Loe H, editors. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, pp. 238-262.
• Fejerskov O, Scheie AAa, Manji F. (1992). The effect of sucrose on plaque pH in the primary and permanent dentition of caries-inactive and -active Kenyan children. J Dent Res 71:25-31. Furseth R. (1970). A study of experimentally exposed and fluoride-treated dental cementum in pigs. Acta Odontol Scand 28:833-850.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Furseth R., Johansen E. (1968). A microradiographic comparison
• of sound and carious human dental cementum. Arch Oral Biol 13:1197-1206.
• Gao XJ, Elliott JC, Anderson P. (1991). Scanning and contact microradiographic study of the effect of degree of saturation on the rate of enamel demineralization. J Dent Res 70:1332-1337.
• Gedalia I., Nathan H., Schapira J., Haas N., Feldmann J. (1965). Fluoride concentration of surface enamel, cementum, lamina dura, and subperiosteal bone from the mandibular angle of Hebrews (abstract). J Dent Res 44:452.
• Hals E., Selvig KA (1977). Correlated electron probe microanalysis and microradiography of carious and normal dental cementum. Caries Res 11:62-75.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Kerebel B., Daculsi G., Menanteau J. (1977). Caries chroniques et caries arretes de la dentine. Act Odontostomatol 120:695-706. Larsen MJ (1975). Enamel solubility, caries and erosions (thesis). Aarhus: Royal Dental College.
• Larsen MJ, Fejerskov O (1977). Surface etching and subsurface demineralization of dental enamel induced by a strong acid. Scand J Dent Res 85:320-326.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Larsen MJ, Fejerskov O (1989). Chemical and structural challenges in remineralization of dental enamel lesions. Scand J Dent Res 97:285-296.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Margolis HC, Duckworth JH, Moreno EC (1988). Composition of pooled resting plaque fluid from caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals. J Dent Res 67:1468-1475.
• Nakagaki H., Weatherell JA, Strong M., Robinson C. (1985). Distribution of fluoride in human cementum. Arch Oral Biol 30:101-104.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Nakagaki H., Kawai K., Murakami T., Sakakibara Y., Ohno N., Weatherell JA, et al. (1988). Fluoride distribution and histological structure of human cementum. Arch Oral Biol 33:257-264.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Nyvad B., Fejerskov O (1987). Active and inactive root surface caries-structural entities? In: Dentine and dentine reaction in the oral cavity. Thylstrup A, Leach SA, Qvist V, editors. Oxford: IRL Press, pp. 165-179.
• Nyvad B., Fejerskov O (1990). An ultrastructural study of bacterial invasion and tissue breakdown in human experimental root surface caries. J Dent Res 69:1118-1125. Nyvad B., ten Cate JM, Fejerskov O (1989). Microradiography of experimental root surface caries in man. Caries Res 23:218-224. Scheie AAa, Fejerskov O, Lingstrom P., Birkhed D., Manji F. (1992). Use of palladium touch microelectrodes under field conditions for in vivo assessment of dental plaque pH in children. Caries Res 26:44-52.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Selvig KA (1969). Biological changes at the tooth-saliva interface
• in periodontal disease. J Dent Res 48:846-855.
• Selvig KA, Zander HA (1962). Chemical analysis and microradiography of cementum and dentin from periodontally diseased human teeth. J Periodont 33:303-310. Singer L., Armstrong WD (1962). Comparison of fluoride contents of human dental and skeletal tissues. J Dent Res 41:154-157. Stepnick RJ, Nakata TM, Zipkin I. (1975). The effects of age and fluoride exposure on fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of human cementum. J Periodont 46:45-50. Sugihara N., Nakagaki H., Kunisaki H., Ito F., Noguchi T., Weatherell JA, et al. (1991). Distribution of fluoride in sound and periodontally diseased human cementum. Arch Oral Biol 36:383-387.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Takuma S. (1980). Demineralization and remineralization of tooth substance-An ultrastructural basis for caries prevention. J Dent Res 59(D):2146-2156.
• Takuma S., Oriara H., Suzuki H. (1975). Electron-probe and electron microscope studies of carious dentinal lesions with a remineralized surface layer. Caries Res 9:278-285. Takuma S., Tohda H., Tanaka N., Kobayashi T., Hirose H. (1986a). Dissolution, formation, and growth of apatite crystal in dental caries lesions. In: Imura T, Murase S, Suzuki T, editors. Proceedings, llth Int. Cong. on electron Microscopy. Tokyo: Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy, 3065-3066.
• Takuma S., Tohda H., Watanabe K., Yama S. ( 1986b). Size increase of dentin crystals in the intertubular matrix due to caries. J Electron Microsc 35:60-65.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Takuma S., Tohda H., Tanaka N., Kobayashi T. (1987). Lattice defects in the carious dissolution of human enamel crystals. J Electron Microsc 36:387-391.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• ten Cate JM, Duijsters Ppe (1982). Alternating demineralization and remineralization of artificial enamel lesions. Caries Res 16:201-210.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tohda H., Tanaka N., Takuma S. (1989). Crystalline structure of natural and in vitro subsurface carious lesions of enamel. In: Tooth enamel V. Fearnhead RW, editor. Tokyo: Tokyo Press, pp. 474-481.
• Weatherell JA, Deutsch D., Robinson C., Hallsworth AS (1977). Assimilation of fluoride by enamel throughout the life of the tooth. Caries Res 11:85-115.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Wefel JS, Clarkson BH, Heilman JR (1985). Natural root caries: A histologic and microradiographic evaluation. J Oral Pathol 14:615-623.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Yoon SH, Brudevold F., Gardner DE, Smith FA, Soni NN ( 1960). Distribution of fluorine in teeth and alveolar bone. J Am Dent Assoc 61:565-570.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 75, No. 3, 949-954 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750031301


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. Nyvad, J.M. Ten Cate, and O. Fejerskov Arrest of Root Surface Caries in situ Journal of Dental Research, December 1, 1997; 76(12): 1845 - 1853. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Tohda, H. Articles by Yanagisawa, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tohda, H. Articles by Yanagisawa, T. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?