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Long-term Use of Nicotine Chewing Gum and Mercury Exposure from Dental Amalgam Fillings
G. Sällsten
Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, St Sigfridsgatan 85, S-41266 Goteborg, Sweden
J. Thorén
Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, St Sigfridsgatan 85, S-41266 Goteborg, Sweden
L. BarregÅrd
Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, St Sigfridsgatan 85, S-41266 Goteborg, Sweden
A. Schütz
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
G. Skarping
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
In experimental studies, chewing gum has been shown to increase the release rate of mercury vapor from dental amalgam fillings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of long-term frequent chewing on mercury levels in plasma and urine. Mercury levels in plasma (P-Hg) and urine (U-Hg), and urinary cotinine were examined in 18 subjects who regularly used nicotine chewing gum, and in 19 referents. Age and number of amalgam surfaces were similar in the two groups. Total mercury concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by means of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Urinary cotinine was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chewers had been using 10 (median) pieces of gum per day for the past 27 (median) months. P-Hg and U-Hg levels were significantly higher in the chewers (27 nmol/L and 6.5 nmol/mmol creatinine) than in the referents (4.9 nmol/L and 1.2 nmol/mmol creatinine). In both groups, significant correlations were found between P-Hg or U-Hg on the one hand and the number of amalgam surfaces on the other. In the chewers, no correlations were found between P-Hg or U-Hg and chewing time per day or cotinine in urine. Cotinine in urine increased with the number of pieces of chewing gum used. The impact of excessive chewing on mercury levels was considerable.
Key Words: mercury • amalgam • nicotine chewing gum • biological monitoring
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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 75, No. 1,
594-598 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750011301
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