|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Electromyographic Heterogeneity in the Human Temporalis and Masseter Muscles during Static Biting, Open\ Close Excursions, and Chewing
N.G. Blanksma
Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Meibergdreef 15,1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
T.M.G.J. van Eijden
Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Meibergdreef 15,1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The human temporalis and masseter muscles are not activated homogeneously during static bite force tasks. In this study, we studied the possible existence of regional differences in these muscles under dynamic conditions. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded by means of bipolar fine-wire electrodes. Six electrodes were inserted into the temporalis muscle and three into the masseter muscle. Recordings were made during maximal-effort intercuspal and incisal static clenches, open\close excursions from both the intercuspal and incisal positions, and unilateral gum and licorice chewing on right and left sides. The EMG peak amplitudes and the peak occurrences were compared. During the static clenches and the open\close excursions, no differences could be demonstrated between the regions of the temporalis muscle. However, during the chewing tasks, the anterior and posterior regions behaved differently. Throughout almost all tasks, both superficial and deep parts could be distinguished in the masseter muscle. A further division of the deep masseter was task-dependent. In both the temporalis and masseter muscles, maximal activity (100%) was reached during intercuspal clenches. The average activity declined to 35% of the maximal activity in the temporalis muscle, to 47% in the deep, and to 86% in the superficial masseter during incisal clenches. During all chewing tasks, the EMG peak activity of the anterior temporalis and the superficial masseter muscles was higher in the working than in the balancing condition. The general finding was that different regions were preferentially activated, according to task. The detailed regional specialization previously observed during static bite force tasks could not be demonstrated in the present study.
Key Words: electromyography • heterogeneity • masseter muscle • temporalis muscle
REFERENCES
- Ahlgren J., Sonesson B., Blitz M. (1985). An electromyographic analysis of the temporalis function of normal occlusion. Am
- J Orthodont 87:230-239.
- Belser UC, Hannam AG (1986). The contribution of the deep fibers of the masseter muscle to selected tooth clenching and chewing tasks. J Prosthet Dent 56:629-635.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Blanksma NG, Van Eijden TMGJ (1990). Electromyographic heterogeneity in the human temporalis muscle. J Dent Res 69:1686-1690.
- Blanksma NG, Van Eijden TMGJ, Weijs WA (1992). Electromyographic heterogeneity in the human masseter muscle. J Dent Res 71:47-52.
- Ebert H. (1938/39). Morphologische und funktionelle Analyse des Musculus Masseter. Z Anat EntwGesch 109:790-802. Eriksson PO, Stalberg E., Antoni L. (1984). Flexibility in motor-unit firing pattern in the human temporal and masseter muscles related to type of activation and location. Arch Oral Biol 29:707-712.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Eriksson PO, Thornell LE (1983). Histochemical and morphological muscle-fibre characteristics of the human masseter, the medial pterygoid and the temporal muscles. Arch Oral Biol 28:781-795.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Greenfield BE, Wyke BD ( 1956). Electromyographic studies of some of the muscles of mastication. Br Dent J 100:129-143. Henneman E., Mendell LM (1981). Functional organization of the motoneuron pool and its inputs. In: Handbook of physiology. Sect I. The nervous system. Vol. II. Part I. Brooks VB, editor. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society, pp. 423-507.
- Hoffer JA, Loeb GE, Sugano N., Marks WB, O'Donovan MJ, Pratt CA (1987). Cat hindlimb motoneurons during locomotion. III. Functional segregation in sartorius. J Neurophysiol 57:554-562.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Hylander WL, Johnson KR (1985). Temporalis and masseter muscle function during incision in macaques and humans. Int J Primatol 6:290-322.
- Hylander WL, Johnson KR, Crompton AW (1992). Muscle force recruitment and biomechanical modeling: an analysis of masseter muscle function during mastication in Macaca fascicularis. Am J Anthropol 88:365-387.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Koole P., De Jongh HJ, Boering G. (1991). A comparative study of electromyograms of the masseter, temporalis, and anterior digastric muscles obtained by surface and intramuscular electrodes: raw-EMG. J Craniomandib Pract 9:228-240.
- Latif A. (1957). An EMG study of the temporalis muscle in normal persons during selected positions and movements of the mandible. Am J Orthodont 43:577-591.
- McDonald JWC, Hannam AG (1984). Relationship between occlusal contacts and jaw-closing muscle activity during tooth clenching: part I. J Prosthet Dent 52:718-729. McDougall JDB, Andrew BL (1953). An electromyographic study of the temporalis and masseter muscles. J Anat 87:37-45. McMillan AS (1993). Task-related behaviour of motor units in the human temporalis muscle. Exp Brain Res 94:336-342. McMillan AS, Hannam AG (1991). Motor-unit territory in the human masseter muscle. Arch Oral Biol 15:827-844. McMillan AS, Hannam AG (1992). Task-related behaviour of motor units in different regions of the human masseter muscle. Arch Oral Biol 37:849-857.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Møller E. (1966). The chewing apparatus. Acta Physiol Scand 69:1-229.[CrossRef]
- Moller E. (1974). Action of the muscles of mastication. In:
- Frontiers of oral physiology. Kawamura Y, editor. Basel: Karger, pp. 121-158.
- Munro RR, Griffin CJ (1970). Analysis of the electromyography of the masseter muscle and the anterior part of the temporalis muscle in the open-close-clench cycle in man. Arch Oral Biol 15:827-844.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nardone A., Romano C., Schieppati M. (1989). Selective recruitment of high-threshold human motor units during voluntary isotonic lengthening of active muscles. J Physiol 409:451-471.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Osborn JW, Baragar FA (1985). Predicted pattern of human muscle activity during clenching derived from a computer assisted model: symmetric vertical bite forces. J Biomechan 18:599-612.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Pratt CA, Chanaud CM, Loeb GE ( 1991). Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb. IV. Intramuscular distribution of movement command signals and cutaneous reflexes in broad, bifunctional thigh muscles. Exp Brain Res 85:281-299.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Riek S., Bawa P. ( 1992). Recruitment of motor units in human forearm extensors. J Neurophysiol 68:100-108.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Schumacher GH (1961). Funktionelle Morphologie der Kaumusculatur. Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag.
- Ter Haar Romeny BM, Denier Van Der Gon JJ, Gielen Ccam (1982). Changes in recruitment order of motor units in the human biceps muscle. Exp Neurol 78:360-368.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Thomas JS, Schmidt EM, Hambrecht FT (1978). Facility of motor unit control during tasks defined directly in terms of unit behaviors. Exp Neurol 59:384-395.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Throckmorton GS, Groshan GJ, Boyd SB ( 1990). Muscle activity patterns and control of temporomandibular joint loads. J Prosthet Dent 63:685-695.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Tonndorf ML, Hannam AG (1994). Motor unit territory in relation to tendons in the human masseter muscle. Muscle & Nerve 17:436-443.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Van Eijden TMGJ (1990). Jaw muscle activity in relation to the direction and point of application of bite force. J Dent Res 69:901-905.
- Van Eijden TMGJ, Raadsheer MC (1992). Heterogeneity of fiber and sarcomere length in the human masseter muscle. Anat Rec 232:78-84.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Van Eijden TMGJ, Blanksma NG, Brugman P. (1993). Amplitude and timing of EMG activity in the human masseter muscle during selected motor tasks. J Dent Res 72:599-606.
- Van Zuylen EJ, Gielen CCAM, Denier Van Der Gon JJ (1988). Coordination and inhomogeneous activation of human arm muscles during isometric torques. J Neurophysiol 60:1523-1548.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Vitti M., Basmajian JV (1977). Integrated actions of masticatory muscles: simultaneous EMG from eight intramuscular electrodes. Anat Rec 187:173-190.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Weijs WA, Dantuma R. (1981). Functional anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in the rabbit. Neth J Zool 31:99-147. Weijs WA, Brugman P., Grimbergen CA (1989). Jaw movements and muscle activity during mastication in growing rabbits. Anat Rec 224:407-416.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Wood WW ( 1987). A review of masticatory muscle function. J Prosthet Dent 56:629-635.
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 6,
1318-1327 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740061201
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
T. Grunheid, G. E. J. Langenbach, J. A. M. Korfage, A. Zentner, and T. M. G. J. van Eijden
The adaptive response of jaw muscles to varying functional demands
Eur J Orthod,
December 1, 2009;
31(6):
596 - 612.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. F. Ross, R. Dharia, S. W. Herring, W. L. Hylander, Z.-J. Liu, K. L. Rafferty, M. J. Ravosa, and S. H. Williams
Modulation of mandibular loading and bite force in mammals during mastication
J. Exp. Biol.,
March 15, 2007;
210(6):
1046 - 1063.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Lapatki, R. Oostenveld, J. P. Van Dijk, I. E. Jonas, M. J. Zwarts, and D. F. Stegeman
Topographical Characteristics of Motor Units of the Lower Facial Musculature Revealed by Means of High-Density Surface EMG
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2006;
95(1):
342 - 354.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. van Wessel, G. E. J. Langenbach, N. Kawai, P. Brugman, E. Tanaka, and T. M. G. J. van Eijden
Burst characteristics of daily jaw muscle activity in juvenile rabbits
J. Exp. Biol.,
July 1, 2005;
208(13):
2539 - 2547.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.H. Koolstra
DYNAMICS OF THE HUMAN MASTICATORY SYSTEM
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
July 1, 2002;
13(4):
366 - 376.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gonzalez, I. Montoya, and J. Carcel
Review: the Use of Electromyography on Food Texture Assessment
Food Science and Technology International,
December 1, 2001;
7(6):
461 - 471.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Phanachet, T. Whittle, K. Wanigaratne, and G. M. Murray
Functional Properties of Single Motor Units in Inferior Head of Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Task Relations and Thresholds
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2001;
86(5):
2204 - 2218.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.G. Blanksma, T.M.G.J. van Eijden, L.J. van Ruijven, and W.A. Weijs
Electromyographic Heterogeneity in the Human Temporalis and Masseter Muscles during Dynamic Tasks Guided by Visual Feedback
Journal of Dental Research,
January 1, 1997;
76(1):
542 - 551.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.J. Zwijnenburg, G.W. Kroon, B. Verbeeten Jr, and M. Naeije
Jaw Movement Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Different Parts of the Human Temporalis Muscle
Journal of Dental Research,
October 1, 1996;
75(10):
1798 - 1803.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
