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Journal of Dental Research
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Anticariogenicity of Calcium Phosphate Complexes of Tryptic Casein Phosphopeptides in the Rat

E.C. Reynolds

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

C.J. Cain

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

EL Webber

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

C.L. Black

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

P.F. Riley

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

I.H. Johnson

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

J.W. Perich

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Australia 3000

Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) stabilize calcium phosphate through the formation of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate complexes (CPP-CP). The ability of CPP-CP to reduce caries activity was investigated by use of specific-pathogen-free rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus. The animals consumed a defined cariogenic diet free of dairy products. Solutions (100 pL) of the CPP-CP (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0% w/v) were applied to the animals' molar teeth twice daily. Other groups of animals received solutions containing 500 ppm F, the non-phosphorylated peptides of a casein tryptic digest (0.5% w/v), or the calcium-phosphate complex of a synthetic octapeptide, Ac-Glu-Ser(P)-Ile-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu-NHMe, corresponding to the common sequence in the CPP. The CPP-CP significantly reduced caries activity in a dose-response fashion, with 1.0% CPP-CP producing 55% and 46% reductions in smooth surface and fissure caries activity, respectively, being similar to that of 500 ppm F. The anticariogenic effects of CPP-CP and fluoride were additive, since animals receiving 0.5% CPP-CP plus 500 ppm F had significantly lower caries activity than those animals receiving either CPP-CP or fluoride alone. The tryptic digest of casein with the phosphopeptides selectively removed showed no anticariogenic activity. The synthetic octapeptide-calcium phosphate complex significantly reduced caries activity, confirming that this calcium-phosphate-stabilizing portion of the casein phospho-peptides is associated with anticariogenicity. The CPP-CP did not significantly affect the level of S. sobrinus in fissure plaque. The proposed mechanism of anticariogenicity for CPP-CP complexes is that they substantially increase the level of calcium phosphate in plaque, depressing enamel demineralization and enhancing remineralization.

Key Words: caries prevention • casein phosphopeptides • calcium • phosphates • rats

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 6, 1272-1279 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740060601
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