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The Site-specificity of Supragingival Calculus Deposition on the Lingual Surfaces of the Six Permanent Lower Anterior Teeth in Humans and the Effects of Age, Sex, Gum-chewing Habits, and the Time Since the Last Prophylaxis on Calculus Scores

University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK

D.C. Girardin

School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2

N.J. Hughes

School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2

K.W. Stephen

University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK

C. Dawes

Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2

The hypotheses to be tested were: (i) that chewing sugar-free gum frequently and for long periods would be associated with higher amounts of supragingival calculus, and (ii) that there would be no site-specificity of calculus deposition on the lingual surfaces of the 6 lower anterior teeth. Subjects, 436 in Glasgow and 191 in Winnipeg, were scored for calculus at mesial, lingual, and distal sites on the lingual surface of each of the 6 lower anterior teeth, by the Volpe-Manhold method. They also answered questions on the time since the last prophylaxis, the frequency of gum chewing, the type of gum chewed, and the length of a typical gum-chewing episode. A subset (233) of the Glasgow subjects were scaled and re-scored for calculus 3 months later. When the data for the logarithmic transformations of the initial calculus scores were subjected to stepwise multiple-regression analysis, the only factor which correlated significantly with initial calculus scores in both cities was the time since the last prophylaxis. In the Glasgow subjects scored 3 months after a prophylaxis, there was a negative correlation between chewing sugar-free gum and calculus scores, whereas in the Winnipeg subjects, age and the chewing of sucrose-containing and sugar-free gum were positively correlated with calculus scores. Thus, the results were contradictory with respect to the first-tested hypothesis. The calculus distribution patterns were very similar in the subset of Glasgow subjects and the Winnipeg subjects, with the amounts on the lateral incisors and canines averaging 70.2% and 44.5%, respectively, of those on the central incisors. Thus, the second hypothesis was disproved.

Key Words: supragingival calculus • site-specificity • chewing gum • age

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 10, 1715-1720 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740101401


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