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Sumter Smith Arnim, DDS, PhD (1904-1990): A Pioneer in Preventive Dentistry
Arden G. Christen
This article reviews the life story and contributions of Sumter Smith Arnim (1904-1990), a noted author, lecturer, teacher, and researcher in preventive dentistry. Following in the footsteps of Levi Spear Parmly, MD, DDS (1790-1859), and Charles C. Bass, MD (1875-1975), Arnim developed and popularized a wide range of preventive concepts and practices, especially dental plaque control via mechanical means. Today, these innovative ideas and techniques continue to have an impact on oral health research, the practice of dentistry, and the teaching of oral hygiene to dental patients. This article traces both the development of these oral health concepts and Arnim's study of dental plaque ("microcosm"), which he characterized by means of phase-contrast microscopy and cinemicrography.
REFERENCES
- Arnim SS (1937). Present day concept of caries based on clinical and experimental data and the most fruitful approach to the prevention and control of the condition. Int J Ortho Oral Surg 23:1045-1056.
- Arnim SS (1958). Thoughts concerning cause, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. J Perio 29:217-223.
- Arnim SS (1959a). Microcosms of the human mouth. J TN State Dent Assoc 39:3-28.
- Arnim SS (1959b). Conservation of the dental pulp-cavity
- preparation. J Prosthet Dent 9:1017-1036.
- Arnim SS (1963). The use of disclosing agents for measuring tooth cleanliness. J Perio 34:227-245.
- Arnim SS (1965a). Dental irrigation-its place in the total concept of oral hygiene. Dent Pract 3:7-10.[Medline]
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- Arnim SS (1965b). Microcosms of the mouth. III. Role in periodontal disease (16-mm motion picture, phase cinemicrography). Houston: University of Texas Dental Branch.
- Arnim SS (1967). An effective program of oral hygiene for the arrestment of dental caries and the control of periodontal disease. J So CA Dent Assoc 35:264-280.
- Arnim SS, Anderson BG (1937). Incidence of caries in sixty-six monkeys. Yale J Biol Med 9:443.
- Arnim SS, Benedict HC (1930). A new method for determining the colloid content of saliva by electrophoresis. J Dent Res 10:379-381. Arnim SS, Doyle MP (1959). Dentin dimensions of primary teeth. J Dent Child 26:191-214.
- Arnim SS, Lunin M. (1961). Microcosms of the mouth. I. Technics (16-mm motion picture, phase cinemicrography). Houston: University of Texas Dental Branch.
- Arnim SS, Hagerman DA (1953). Connective tissue fibers of the marginal gingiva. J Am Dent Assoc 47:271-281.[Medline]
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- Arnim SS, Benedict HC, Dailey HT (1929). Physical properties and anesthetic efficiency of some procain type anesthetics. Dent Cosmos 7:866-870.
- Arnim SS, Smith RK, Porter LV (1954). Cavity preparation with and without air abrasive. Dent Digest 60:388-396.
- Arnim SS, Diercks CC, Pearson EA Jr (1963). What you need to know and to do to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease. J NC Dent Soc 46:296-305.
- Bass CC ( 1940). The cause and prevention of the loss of teeth. New Orleans Med Surg J 93:227-231.
- Bass CC ( 1948a). The optimum characteristics of toothbrushes for personal oral hygiene. Dent Items Interest 70:697-718.[Medline]
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- Bass CC ( 1948b). The optimum characteristics of dental floss for personal oral hygiene. Dent Items Interest 70:921-934.
- Bass CC ( 1948c). The necessary personal oral hygiene for prevention of caries and periodontoclasia. New Orleans Med Surg J 101:52-70. Bass CC (1954). An effective method of personal oral hygiene. J LA State Med Soc 106:57-73, 100-112.[Medline]
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- Bass CC ( 1969). Neglect of prevention of dental disease. Pakistan Dent Rev 19:57-62.
- Bass CC, Johns FM (1915). Alveolodental pyorrhea. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.
- Christen AG (1979). A modern pioneer in preventive dentistry-Sumter S. Arnim, DDS, PhD. Teacher, researcher and national dental consultant: an interview. In: Aeromedical Review #1-79. San Antonio: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, pp. 1-80.
- Christen AG (1981). Charles C. Bass, MD, and Sumter S. Amim, DDS, PhD-dynamic duo of oral hygiene. J TX Dent Hyg Assoc 18:5-6. Christen AG (1982). Charles C. Bass, MD-1875-1975: that cantankerous genius of preventive dentistry. Bull Hist Dent 30:8-18.[Medline]
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- Christen AG, McDonald JL (1985). In search of C.C. Bass, M.D. Further insights into the life of a preventive dentistry pioneer. Bull Hist Dent 33:18-26.[Medline]
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- Hagerman DA, Arnim SS (1954). Effect of periodontal treatment on the connective tissue fibers of the marginal gingiva. J Am Dent Assoc 48:158-165.[Medline]
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- Parmly LS (1819). A practical guide to the management of the teeth. Philadelphia.
- Dr. Christen is Professor and Director of Preventive/Community Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5186.
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 10,
1630-1635 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740100201

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