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Journal of Dental Research
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Bone Cell Expression on Titanium Surfaces is Altered by Sterilization Treatments

C.M. Stanford

Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

J.C. Keller

Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

M. Solursh

Department of Biological Sciences, N405 Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Phenotypic responses of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells (RCOB) were evaluated on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) surfaces when cultured at high density (5100 cells/mm2). These surfaces were prepared to three different clinically relevant surface preparations (1-µm, 600-grit, and 50-µm-grit sand-blast), followed by sterilization with either ultraviolet light, ethylene oxide, argon plasma-cleaning, or routine clinical autoclaving. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, but not collagen expression, were significantly affected by surface roughness when these surfaces were altered by argon plasma-cleaning. In general, plasma-cleaned cpTi surfaces demonstrated an inverse relationship between surface roughness and phenotypic markers for a bone-like response. On a per-cell basis, levels of the bone-specific protein, osteocalcin, and the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase were highest on the smooth 1-µm polished surface and lowest on the roughest surfaces for the plasma-cleaned cpTi. Detectable bone cell expression can be altered by clinically relevant surfaces prepared by standard dental implant preparation techniques.

Key Words: Osteoblasts • Alkaline Phosphatase • Extracellular Matrix Proteins • Dental Implants.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 73, No. 5, 1061-1071 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345940730050801
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