This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Kozlovsky, A. Articles by Rosenberg, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kozlovsky, A. Articles by Rosenberg, M. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Correlation between the BANA Test and Oral Malodor Parameters

'The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

D. Gordon

'The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

I. Gelernter

Statistical Laboratory, School of Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

WJ Loesche

School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

M. Rosenberg

'The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

The purpose of the present investigation was to test the association between the BANA test (Perioscan®, Oral-B), and oral malodor parameters. The subject population consisted of 52 Israeli adults, 43 of whom complained of oral malodor. Oral malodor measurements consisted of peak and steady-state volatile sulphide measurement by a portable sulphide monitor (Interscan Corp., model 1170), as well as organoleptic measurements of malodor from whole mouth, tongue, and saliva. Samples for the BANA test were obtained from four loci (shallow pocket, deep pocket, tongue dorsum, saliva); results were scored as negative (0), weak (1), or strong (2). BANA scores were significantly associated with odor-judge ratings, with the highest association obtained when BANA saliva scores and odor-judge saliva assessment were compared (r = 0.500; p < 0.001). BANA tests from the different loci were not significantly associated with sulphide monitor levels. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis of odor-judge measurements in terms of sulphide levels and average BANA scores showed that both log peak sulphide levels as well as BANA scores were significantly factored into the equations, yielding, in all cases, highly significant correlations (multiple r = 0.57, 0.50, and 0.59, respectively, with significance levels of 0.0001, 0.001, and < 0.0001, for whole mouth, tongue, and saliva malodor, respectively). The results suggest that the BANA scores are associated with a component of oral malodor which is independent of volatile sulphide measurements and suggest its use as an adjunct test to volatile sulphide measurement.

Key Words: Diagnostic Tests • Halitosis • Periodontal Diseases • Porphyromonas gingivalis • Treponema denticola.

REFERENCES

• Coil JM, Tonzetich J. (1985). Volatile sulphur production at healthy and diseased gingival crevice sites (abstract). J Dent Res 64:306.
• Dzink JL, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD (1988). The predominant cultivable microbiota of active and inactive lesions of destructive periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 15:316-322.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Goldberg S., Kozlovsky A., Gordon D., Gelernter E., Sintov A., Rosenberg M. (1994). Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor. J Dent Res (in press).
• Laughon E., Syed SA, Loesche WJ (1982). API-ZYM system for identification of Bacteroides sp., Capnocytophaga sp. and spirochetes of oral origin. J Clin Microbiol 15:97-102.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Löe H., Silness J. (1963). Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 21:533-551.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Loesche WJ (1986). The identification of bacteria associated with periodontal disease and dental caries by enzymatic activity methods. Oral Microbial Immunol 1:65-70.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Schmidt EC, Morrison EC (1985). Bacterial profiles of subgingival plaques in periodontitis. J Periodontol 56:447-456.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Stoll J. (1987). Trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque; a diagnostic marker for spirochetes and periodontal disease. J Periodontol 58:266-273.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Loesche WJ, Bretz WA, Lopatin D., Stoll D., Rau CF, Hillenburg KL, et al. (1990a). Multi-center clinical evaluation of a chairside method for detecting certain periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 61:189-196.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Loesche WJ, Bretz WA, Kerchensteiner D., Stoll Y., Socransky SS, Hujoel P., et al. (1990b). Development of a diagnostic test for anaerobic periodontal infections based on plaque hydrolysis of benzoyl-DLarginine-naphthylamin. J Clin Microbiol 28:1551-1559.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Mardinger O., Zubery Y., Kozlovsky A., Gelernter I., Tal I., Rosenberg M. (1992). Volatile sulphide levels in periodontal pockets correlate with pocket depth (abstract). J Dent Res 71:1032.
• Moore WEC, Holdeman LV, Cato EP, Smibert RM, Burmeister YA, Palcanis KG, et al. (1985). Comparative bacteriology of juvenile periodontitis. Infect Immun 48:507-519.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Persson S., Edlund M.-B, Claesson R., Carlsson J. (1990). The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 5:195-201.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Rizzo AA (1967). The possible role of hydrogen sulfide in human periodontal disease. 1. Hydrogen sulfide production in periodontal pockets. Periodontics 5:233-236.
• Rosenberg M., Gelernter I., Barki M., Bar-Ness R. (1992). Day-long reduction of oral malodor by a two-phase oil:water mouthrinse as compared to chlorhexidine and placebo rinses. J Periodontol 63:39-43.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Rosenberg M., Kulkarni GV, Bosy A., McCulloch CAG (1991a). Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. J Dent Res 70:1436-1400.
• Rosenberg M., Septon I., Eli I., Brenner S., Gelernter I., Gabbay J. (1991b). Halitosis measurement by an industrial sulphide monitor. J Periodontol 62:487- 489.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Rosenberg M., McCulloch CAG (1992). Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. J Periodontol 63:776-782.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Schmidt EF, Bretz WA, Hutchinson RA, Loesche WJ (1988). Correlation of the hydrolysis of benzoyl-arginine naphthylamine (BANA) by plaque and clinical parameters and subgingival levels of spirochetes in periodontal patients. J Dent Res 67:1505-1509.
• Schmidt NF, Missan SR, Tarbet WJ, Cooper AD (1978). The correlation between organoleptic mouth-odor ratings and levels of volatile sulfur compounds. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 45:560-567.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Silness J., Löe H. (1964). Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 24:747-759.[CrossRef]
• Simonson LG, Goodman CH, Bial YY, Morton HE (1988). Quantitative relationship of Treponema denticola to severity of periodontal disease. Infect Immun 56:726-728.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Tanner ACR, Strzempko MN, Belsky CA, McKinley GA (1985). API-Zym and API-ANADENT reactions of fastidious Gram-negative species. J Clin Microbiol 22:333-335.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Tonzetich J. (1971). Direct gas chromatographic analysis of sulphur compounds in mouth air in man. Arch Oral Biol 16:587-597.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tonzetich (1973). Oral malodour an indicator of health status and oral cleanliness. Int Dent J 28:309-319.
• Tonzetich J. (1977). Production and origin of oral malodour: A review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodont 48:13-20.
• Tonzetich J., Kestenbaum RC (1969). Odor production by human salivary fraction and plaque. Arch Oral Biol 14:815-827.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tonzetich J., McBride BC (1981). Characterization of volatile sulphur production by pathogenic strains of oral bacteroides. Arch Oral Biol 26:963-969.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tonzetich J., Ng SK (1976). Reduction of malodor by oral cleansing procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 42:172-181.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tonzetich J., Richter VJ (1964). Evaluation of volatile odoriferous components of saliva. Arch Oral Biol 9:39-45.
• Yaegaki K., Sanada K. (1992). Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. J Periodont Res 27:233-238.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 73, No. 5, 1036-1042 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345940730050401


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Kurata, S. Awano, A. Yoshida, T. Ansai, and T. Takehara The prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva is linked to periodontal health status and oral malodour J. Med. Microbiol., May 1, 2008; 57(5): 636 - 642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Kazor, P. M. Mitchell, A. M. Lee, L. N. Stokes, W. J. Loesche, F. E. Dewhirst, and B. J. Paster Diversity of Bacterial Populations on the Tongue Dorsa of Patients with Halitosis and Healthy Patients J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 2003; 41(2): 558 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				ADA COUNCIL ON SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS Oral malodor J Am Dent Assoc, February 1, 2003; 134(2): 209 - 214. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. ELI, R. BAHT, H. KORIAT, and M. ROSENBERG Self-perception of breath odor J Am Dent Assoc, May 1, 2001; 132(5): 621 - 626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rosenberg, A. Kozlovsky, I. Gelernter, O. Cherniak, J. Gabbay, R. Baht, and I. Eli Self-estimation of Oral Malodor Journal of Dental Research, September 1, 1995; 74(9): 1577 - 1582. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Kozlovsky, A. Articles by Rosenberg, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kozlovsky, A. Articles by Rosenberg, M. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?