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Journal of Dental Research
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An in vivo Study of the Influence of the Surface Roughness of Implants on the Microbiology of Supra- and Subgingival Plaque

M. Quirynen

Catholic University of Leuven, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Periodontology

H.C. Van Der Mei

University of Groningen, Laboratory for Materia Technica, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands

C.M.L. Bollen

Catholic University of Leuven, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Periodontology

A. Schotte

Catholic University of Leuven, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Periodontology

M. Marechal

Catholic University of Leuven, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Periodontology

G.I. Doornbusch

University of Groningen, Laboratory for Materia Technica, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands

I. Naert

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Capucijnenvoer 7, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

H.J. Busscher

University of Groningen, Laboratory for Materia Technica, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands

D. Van Steenberghe

Catholic University of Leuven, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Periodontology

In nine patients with fixed prostheses supported by endosseous titanium implants, 2 titanium abutments (trans-mucosal part of the implant) were replaced by either an unused standard abutment or a roughened titanium abutment. After 3 months of habitual oral hygiene, plaque samples were taken for differential phase-contrast microscopy, DNA probe analysis, and culturing.

Supragingivally, rough abutments harbored significantly fewer coccoid micro-organisms (64 us. 81%), which is indicative of a more mature plaque. Subgingivally, the observations depended on the sampling procedure. For plaque collected with paper points, only minor qualitative and quantitative differences between both substrata could be registered. However, when the microbiota adhering to the abutment were considered, rough surfaces harbored 25 times more bacteria, with a slightly lower density of coccoid organisms. The presence and density of periodontal pathogens subgingivally were, however, more related to the patient's dental status than to the surface characteristics of the abutments. These results justify the search for optimal surface smoothness for all intra-oral and intra-sulcular hard surfaces for reduction of bacterial colonization and of periodontal pathogens.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 72, No. 9, 1304-1309 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720090801
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