|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
The Distribution of Saliva and Sucrose Around the Mouth During the Use of Chewing Gum and the Implications for the Site-specificity of Caries and Calculus Deposition
C. Dawes
Department of Oral Biology
L.M.D. Macpherson
Department of Oral Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2
Over a 20-minute period, subjects expectorated 8 samples of whole saliva (EWS) while chewing gum. Flow rates were calculated, and sucrose was analyzed in these samples as well as in saliva collected on filter paper strips from different tooth surfaces. Salivary film velocity (SFV), based on a 0.1-mm-thick film, was estimated from the clearance half-times of KCl in agarose disks positioned in different regions of the mouth. Salivary flow rate peaked at 5.1 mL/min in the first min but fell to about 1.25 mL/ min by the end of the 20 min of gum-chewing. In contrast, flow rate when subjects sucked sour lemon drops averaged about 5.3 mL/min throughout the 20-minute period. The mean salivary sucrose concentration during gum-chewing peaked in the second min at 384 mmol/L (13.1%) but had fallen to 14 mmol/L by the 15-20-minute time interval. The sucrose concentrations on the palatal surfaces of the upper incisors and the facial and lingual surfaces of the lower molars were not significantly different from that in EWS but were much lower on the facial surfaces of the upper incisors and molars, and on the lingual surfaces of the lower incisors. When flow was unstimulated, SFV was 0.8-1.0 mm/min on the facial surfaces of the upper incisors and lower molars but about 5-8 mm/min on the facial surfaces of the upper molars and on the lingual surfaces of the lower incisors and molars. During chewing-gum use, the SFV increased only to 4 and 10 mm/min on the facial surfaces of the upper incisors and lower molars, respectively, but on the facial surfaces of the upper molars and on the lingual aspects of the lower incisors and molars, it became equivalent to that in a well-stirred solution. This study showed that even during gum-chewing, which would be expected to facilitate the mixing of the different salivary secretions, the saliva provided a series of distinctly different fluid environments, some with cariogenic and others with calculogenic potential, for plaque in different regions of the mouth.
REFERENCES
- Britse A., Lagerlöf F. (1987). The diluting effect of saliva on the sucrose concentration in different parts of the human mouth after a mouth-rinse with sucrose. Arch Oral Biol 32:755-756.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Collins Lmc, Dawes C. (1987). The surface area of the adult human mouth and thickness of the salivary film covering the teeth and oral mucosa. J Dent Res 66:1300-1302.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Dawes C. (1989). An analysis of factors influencing diffusion from dental plaque into a moving film of saliva and the implications for caries. J Dent Res 68:1483-1488.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Dawes C., Watanabe S., Biglow-Lecomte P., Dibdin GH (1989). Estimation of the velocity of the salivary film at some different locations in the mouth. J Dent Res 68:1479-1482.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Dawes C., Wood CM ( 1973). The composition of human lip mucous gland secretions. Arch Oral Biol 18:343-350.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Graf H. ( 1970). The glycolytic activity of plaque and its relation to hard tissues pathology-recent findings from intraoral pH telemetry research. Int Dent J 20:426-435.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hay DI, Schluckebier SK, Moreno EC (1982). Equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration studies of calcium and phosphate binding by human salivary proteins. Implications for salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium phosphate salts. Calcif Tissue Int 34:531-538.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hector MP, Sullivan A. (1992). Migration of erythrosin-labelled saliva during unilateral chewing in man. Arch Oral Biol 37:757-758.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Jenkins GN (1978). The physiology and biochemistry of the mouth. 4th ed. Oxford (UK): Blackwell.
- Jensen ME, Wefel JS (1989). Human plaque pH responses to meals and the effects of chewing gum. Br Dent J 167:204-208.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kleinberg I. (1970). Regulation of the acid-base metabolism of the dentogingival plaque and its relation to dental caries and periodontal disease. Int Dent J 20:451-465.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kleinberg I., Jenkins GN (1964). The pH of dental plaques in the different areas of the mouth before and after meals and their relationship to the pH and rate of flow of resting saliva. Arch Oral Biol 9:493-516.[CrossRef]
- Lagerlöf F. (1983). Effects of flow rate and pH on calcium phosphate saturation in human parotid saliva. Caries Res 17:403-411.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lecomte P., Dawes C. (1987). The influence of salivary flow rate on diffusion of potassium chloride from artificial plaque at different sites in the mouth. J Dent Res 66:1614-1618.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Macpherson Lmd, Dawes C. (1991a). Urea concentration in minor mucous gland secretions and the effect of salivary film velocity on urea metabolism by Streptococcus vestibularis in an artificial plaque. J Periodont Res 26:395-401.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Macpherson Lmd, Dawes C. (1991b). Effects of salivary film velocity on pH changes in an artificial plaque containing Streptococcus oralis, after exposure to sucrose. J Dent Res 70:1230-1234.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Schroeder HE (1963). Inorganic content and histology of early dental calculus in man. Helv Odontol Acta 7:17-30.
- Shannon IL (1962). Parotid fluid flow rate as related to whole saliva volume. Arch Oral Biol 7:391-394.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Van Handel E. (1968). Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Anal Biochem 22:280-283.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Weatherell JA, Strong M., Robinson C., Nakagaki H., Ralph JP (1989). Retention of glucose in oral fluid at different sites in the mouth. Caries Res 23:399-405.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Weatherell JA, Strong M., Robinson C., Ralph JP (1986). Migration patterns of substances in the mouth. In: Leach SA, editor. Factors relating to demineralisation and remineralisation of the teeth. Oxford (UK): IRL Press, 81-90.
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 72, No. 5,
852-857 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720050401
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
C. Dawes
Salivary flow patterns and the health of hard and soft oral tissues
J Am Dent Assoc,
May 1, 2008;
139(suppl_2):
18S - 24S.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.M. Love and H.F. Jenkinson
INVASION OF DENTINAL TUBULES BY ORAL BACTERIA
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
March 1, 2002;
13(2):
171 - 183.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.D. Rudney
Saliva and Dental Plaque
Advances in Dental Research,
December 1, 2000;
14(1):
29 - 39.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.T. Amaechi, S.M. Higham, W.M. Edgar, and A. Milosevic
Thickness of Acquired Salivary Pellicle as a Determinant of the Sites of Dental Erosion
Journal of Dental Research,
December 1, 1999;
78(12):
1821 - 1828.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Fure, P. Lingstrom, and D. Birkhed
Effect of Three Months' Frequent Use of Sugar-free Chewing Gum with and without Urea on Calculus Formation
Journal of Dental Research,
August 1, 1998;
77(8):
1630 - 1637.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.H.W. Bowden and Y.H. Li
Nutritional Influences on Biofilm Development
Advances in Dental Research,
April 1, 1997;
11(1):
81 - 99.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.H. Sissons
Artificial Dental Plaque Biofilm Model Systems
Advances in Dental Research,
April 1, 1997;
11(1):
110 - 126.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.F. Jenkinson and R. Lamont
Streptococcal Adhesion and Colonization
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
January 1, 1997;
8(2):
175 - 200.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.D. Rudney, Z. Ji, and C.J. Larson
Saliva Protein Binding to Streptococcal Layers Placed at Different Oral Sites in 48 Persons
Journal of Dental Research,
October 1, 1996;
75(10):
1789 - 1797.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.J. White
The Application of in Vitro Models to Research on Demineralization and Remineralization of the Teeth
Advances in Dental Research,
November 1, 1995;
9(3):
175 - 193.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.M.D. Macpherson, D.C. Girardin, N.J. Hughes, K.W. Stephen, and C. Dawes
The Site-specificity of Supragingival Calculus Deposition on the Lingual Surfaces of the Six Permanent Lower Anterior Teeth in Humans and the Effects of Age, Sex, Gum-chewing Habits, and the Time Since the Last Prophylaxis on Calculus Scores
Journal of Dental Research,
October 1, 1995;
74(10):
1715 - 1720.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.H. Dibdin, C. Dawes, and L.M.D. Macpherson
Computer Modeling of the Effects of Chewing Sugar-free and Sucrose-containing Gums on the pH Changes in Dental Plaque Associated with a Cariogenic Challenge at Different Intra-oral Sites
Journal of Dental Research,
August 1, 1995;
74(8):
1482 - 1488.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.D. Rudney
Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
January 1, 1995;
6(4):
343 - 367.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. van Houte
Role of Micro-organisms in Caries Etiology
Journal of Dental Research,
March 1, 1994;
73(3):
672 - 681.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.M.D. Macpherson and C. Dawes
An in vitro Simulation of the Effects of Chewing Sugar-free and Sugar-containing Chewing Gums on pH Changes in Dental Plaque
Journal of Dental Research,
October 1, 1993;
72(10):
1391 - 1397.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
