Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here to sign up for SAGE Journal Email Alerts today!

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Dental Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ciancio, S.G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ciancio, S.G.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Agents for the Management of Plaque and Gingivitis

S.G. Ciancio

Department of Periodontology, Center for Clinical Dental Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214

Numerous chemical agents have been evaluated for the supplementation of patient-dependent mechanical plaque control and thus the reduction or prevention of oral diseases. Agents discussed in this paper are those most frequently evaluated in recent studies and include chlorhexidine, essential oils, triclosan, sanguinarine, fluorides, oxygenating agents, quaternary ammonium agents, prebrushing rinses, enzymes, and antibiotics. Of the agents discussed, the greatest effect on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis can be expected from chlorhexidine, essential oils, and triclosan-containing products. These chemical agents vary in dosage form and include mouthrinses, gels, and dentifrices. Some may also be of value as irrigants. Adverse effects vary according to the chemical agent and include poor taste, burning sensation of oral tissue, staining of teeth and soft tissues, excess supragingival calculus, oral lesions in young patients, and allergic reactions. When a product is selected for a patient, consideration should be given to necessity, efficacy, adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness.

REFERENCES

  • Addy M. ( 1986). Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials. A short review. J Clin Periodontol 13:957-964.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Afseth J., Rolla G. (1983). Clinical experiments with a toothpaste containing amyloglucosidase and glucose oxidase. Caries Res 17:472-475.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • American Dental Association, Council on Dental Therapeutics (1986). Guidelines for acceptance of chemotherapeutic products for the control of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. J Am Dent Assoc 112:529.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bailey L. ( 1989). Direct plaque removal by a pre-brushing dental rinse. Clin Prev Dent 11:21-27.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beiswanger BB, Mallett MM, Mau MS, Katz BB ( 1990). The relative plaque removal effect of a prebrushing rinse. J Am Dent Assoc 120:190-193.[Abstract]
  • Boyd RL, Leggott PJ, Robertson PB (1988). Effects on gingivitis of two different 0.4% SnF2 gels. J Dent Res 67:503-507.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Branemark P-I., Ekholm R. (1967). Tissue injury caused by wound disinfectants. J Bone Joint Surg 49(A):48-52.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Caldwell RC, Sandham HJ, Mann WV, Finn SB, Formicola AJ (1971). The effect of dextranase mouthwash on dental plaque in young adults and children. J Am Dent Assoc 82:124-131.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Carter HG, Barnes GP (1975). Effects of three mouthwashes on existing dental plaque accumulations. J Prev Dent 2:6-9.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ciancio SG (1987). Pharmacology of oral antimicrobials. In: Perspectives on oral antimicrobial therapeutics. Littleton (CO): PSG Publishing Co., 25-36.
  • Ciancio SG, Mather ML, Bunnell HL (1975). Clinical evaluation of a quaternary ammonium containing mouthrinse. J Periodontol 46:397-401.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Consumer Reports Health Letter (March, 1991). Plax retracts.
  • Cubells AB, Dalmau LB, Petrone ME, Chaknis P., Volpe AR (1991). The effect of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice on plaque formation and gingivitis: A 6-month clinical study. J Clin Dent 2:63-69.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • DePaola LG, Overholser CD, Meiller TF, Minah GE, Niehaus C. (1989). Chemotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis development. J Clin Periodontol 16:311-315.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Emling RC, Yankell SL (1985). First clinical studies of a new prebrushing mouthrinse. Compend Cont Ed 6:636.
  • Fine DH, Letizia J., Mandel ID (1985). The effect of rinsing with Listerine antiseptic on the properties of developing dental plaque. J Clin Periodontol 12:660-666.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • FlemmigTF, Newman MG, Doherty FM, Grossman E., Meckel AH, Bakdash MB (1990). Supragingival irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine in naturally occurring gingivitis I. 6 month clinical observations. J Periodontol 61:112-117.
  • Flotra L., Gjermo P., Rolla G., Waerhaug J. (1972). A 4-month study on the effect of chlorhexidine mouthwashes on 50 soldiers. Scand J Dent Res 80:10.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fornell J., Sundin Y., Lindhe J. (1975). Effect of Listerine on dental plaque and gingivitis. Scand J Dent Res 83:18.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Garcia-Godoy F. (1989). Triclosan/copolymer dentifrices: A new technology for the control of plaque and gingivitis. Am J Dent 2:183.
  • Garcia-Godoy F., DeVizio W., Volpear, Ferlauto RJ, Miller JM (1990). Effect of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice on plaque formation and gingivitis: A 7-month clinical study. Am J Dent 3:515-526.
  • Gomer RM, Holroyd SV, Fedi PF, Ferrigno PD (1972). The effects of oral rinses on the accumulation of dental plaque. JAm Soc Prev Dent 2:11-15.
  • Gomes BC, Shakun ML, Ripa LW ( 1984). Effect of rinsing with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution (Peroxyl) on gingivitis and plaque. Clin Prev Dent 6:21-24.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gordon JM, Lamster IV, Seiger MC (1985). Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 12:697-701.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Greenwell H., Bissada NF, Maybury JE, De Marco TJ (1983). Clinical and microbiologic effectiveness of Keyes' method of oral hygiene on human periodontitis treated with and without surgery. J Am Dent Assoc 106:457-461.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Grossman E. (1988). Effectiveness of a pre-brushing mouthrinse under single trial and home use conditions. Clin Prev Dent 10(6):3-6.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Grossman E., Meckel AH, Isaacs RL, Ferretti GA, Sturzenberger OP, Bollmer BW, Moore DJ, Lijana RC, Manhart MD (1989). A clinical comparison of antibacterial mouthrinses: Effects of chlorhexidine, phenolics, and sanguinarine on dental plaque and gingivitis. J Periodontol 60:435-440.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Grossman E., Reiter G., Sturzenberger OP, De la Rosa M., Dickinson TD, Ferretti GA, et al. (1986): Six-month study ofthe effects of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on gingivitis in adults. J Periodont Res 21 (16 suppl):33-38.[CrossRef]
  • Harper DS, Mueller LJ, Fine JB, Gordon J., Laster LL (1990). Clinical efficacy of a dentifrice and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract and zinc chloride during six months of use. J Periodontol 61:352-358.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Harrap GJ, Saxton CA, Best JS ( 1983). Inhibition of plaque growth by zinc salts. J Periodont Res 18:634-642.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jenkins S., Addy M., Newcombe R. (1989). Toothpastes containing 0.3% and 0.5% triclosan. I. Effects on 4-day plaque regrowth. Am J Dent 2:211-214.
  • Kelstrup J., Funder-Nielsen TP, Moller EN (1973). Enzymatic reduction of colonization of S. mutans in human dental plaque. Acta Odontol Scand 31:249-253.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kelstrup J., Holm-Pedersen P., Poulsen S. (1978). Reduction of the formation of dental plaque and gingivitis in humans by crude mutanase. Scand J Dent Res 86:93-102.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Klewansky P., Vernier D. (1984). Sanguinarine and the control of plaque in dental practice. Compend Cont Educ Dent 5 (suppl):94-97.
  • Kohut BE, Mankodi S. (1990). Effectiveness of a prebrushing mouthrinse in reducing supragingival plaque and gingivitis in single-use and extended-use trials. Am J Dent 2:4-8.
  • Kopczyk R., Abrams J., Brown A., Matheny J., Kaplan A. (1991). Clinical and microbiological effects of a sanguinaria-containing mouthrinse and dentifrice with and without fluoride during 6 months of use. J Periodontol 62:617-622.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lamster IB, Alfano MC, Seiger MC, Gordon JM (1983). The effect of Listerine antiseptic on reduction of existing plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent 5:12-16.
  • Lang NP, Brecx MC (1986). Chlorhexidine digluconate-an agent for chemical plaque control and prevention of gingival inflammation. J Periodont Res 21 (16 suppl):74-89.[CrossRef]
  • Larson LC, Allen JM, Hyman JJ, Pelleu GB Jr (1985). Effect of a 0.2% SnF2 mouthrinse on gingival tissues and associated microflora. Clin Prev Dent 7(6):5-8.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Leverett DH, McHugh WD, Jensen OE (1984). Effect of daily rinsing with stannous fluoride on plaque and gingivitis: Final report. J Dent Res 63:1083-1088.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lobene RR (1971). A clinical study of the effect of dextranase on human dental plaque. J Am Dent Assoc 82:132-135.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lobene RR (1979). Clinical studies of plaque control agents: An overview. J Dent Res 58:2381-2388.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lobene R., Battista GW, Petrone DM, Volpe AR, Petrone AE (1990a). Anticalculus effect of a fluoride dentifrice containing triclosan and a copolymer. Am J Dent 3:S47-S49.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lobene RR, Soparkar PM (1977). The effect of a cetylpyridiniumchloride mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis (abstract). J Dent Res 56(B):195.
  • Lobene RR, Soparkar PM, Newman MB (1986). The effects of a sanguinaria dentifrice on plaque and gingivitis. Compend Cont Educ Dent 7 (suppl):185-190.
  • Lobene RR, Soparkar PM, Newman MB (1990b). Long-term evaluation of a prebrushing dental rinse for the control of dental plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent 12(2):26-30.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loë H., Schiott CR, Glavind L., Karring T. (1976). Two years' oral use of chlorhexidine in man. I. General design and clinical effects. J Periodont Res 11:135-144.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche WJ, Nafe D. ( 1973). Reduction of supragingival plaque accumulations in institutionalized Down's syndrome patients by periodic treatment with topical kanamycin. Arch Oral Biol 18:1131-1143.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mandel ID (1988). Chemotherapeutic agents for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 15:488-498.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Manhart MD, Grossman E., Sturzenberger OP, Vick VC, Bollmer BW, Moore DJ (1988). Efficacy of chlorhexidine digluconate in comparison to phenolic and a plant alkaloid compound (abstract). J Dent Res 67:184.
  • Mauriello SM, Bader JD (1988). Six-month effects of a sanguinarine dentifrice on plaque and gingivitis. J Periodontol 59:238-241.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Midda M., Cooksey MW (1986). Clinical uses of an enzyme-containing dentifrice. J Clin Periodontol 13:950-956.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mitchell DF, Holmes LA (1965). Topical antibiotic control of dentogingival plaque. J Periodontol 36:202-208.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Muhlemann HR (1973). Chlorhexidine, vantocil, fluorophene and antimycotic agents in an animal caries test. Helv Odontol Acta 17:99-103.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Palcanis KG, Formica JV, Miller RA, Brooks CM, Gunsolley JC (1986). Longitudinal evaluation of sanguinaria: Clinical and microbiologic studies. Compend Cont Educ Dent 7 (suppl):S179-S184.
  • Pihlstrom BL, Wolff LF, Bakdash MB (1987). Salt and peroxide compared with conventional oral hygiene. I. Clinical results. J Periodontol 58:291-295.
  • Rees TD, Orth CF ( 1986). Oral ulcerations with use of hydrogen peroxide. J Periodontol 57:689.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Saxton CA, Harrap GJ, Lloyd AM (1986). The effect of dentifrices containing zinc citrate on plaque growth and oral zinc levels. J Clin Periodontol 13:301-306.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Schiff T., Cohen S., Volpe AR, Petrone ME (1990). Effects of two fluoride dentifrices containing triclosan and a copolymer on calculus formation.
  • Am J Dent 3:S43-S45.
  • Sharma N. (1989). Efficacy of Plax prebrushing rinse in reducing dental plaque (abstract). J Dent Res 68:366.
  • Shayer KJ, Schiff P. (1970). Oral clinical functionality of enzyme Ap used as a mounthwash. J Periodontol 41:341-344.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Siegrist BE, Gusberti FA, Brecx MC, Weber HP, Lang NP ( 1986). Efficacy of supervised rinsing with chlorhexidine digluconate in comparison to phenolic and plant alkaloid compounds. J Periodont Res 21(16 suppl):60-73.[CrossRef]
  • Singh SM (1990). Efficacy of a prebrushing rinse in reducing dental plaque. Am J Dent 3:1-4.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stallard R., Volpe AR, Orban JF, King WJ ( 1969). The effect of an antimicrobial mouthwash on dental plaque, calculus, and gingivitis. J Periodontol 40:683-694.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stephen KW, Saxton CA, Jones CL, Ritchie JA, Morrison T. (1990). Control of gingivitis and calculus by a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and triclosan. J Periodontol 61:674-679.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sturzenberger OP, Leonard GJ (1969). The effect of a mouthwash as adjunct in tooth cleaning. J Periodontol 40:299-304.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Svatun B., Saxton CA, Rolla G. (1990). Six month study on the effect of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and triclosan on plaque, gingival health and calculus. Scand J Dent Res 98:301-304.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Svatun B., Saxton CA, Rolla G., Van der Ouderaa Fgj (1989). A 1-year study of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and triclosan to maintain gingival health. Scand J Dent Res 97:242-246.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Svatun B., Saxton CA, van der Ouderaa F., Rolla G. (1987). The influence of a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and a nonionic antimicrobial agent on the maintenance of gingival health. J Clin Periodontol 14:457-461.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • TinanoffN, Hock J., Camosci D., Hellden L. (1980). Effect of stannous fluoride mouthrinse on dental plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 7:232-236.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tinanoff N., Manwell MA, Zameck RL, Grasso JE (1989). Clinical and microbiological effects of daily brushing with either NaF or SnF2 in subjects with fixed or removable dental prostheses. J Clin Periodontol 16:284-290.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • van der Ouderaa FJ, Cummins D. (1989). Delivery systems for agents in supra and sub-gingival plaque control. J Dent Res 68 (Spec Iss):1617-1624.
  • Weitzman SA, Weitberg AB, Niederman R., Stossel TP (1984). Chronic treatment with hydrogen peroxide-Is it safe? J Periodontol 55:510-514.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Weitzman SA, Weitberg AB, Stossel TP, Schwartz J., Shklar G. (1986). Effects of hydrogen peroxide on oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. J Periodontol 57:685-688.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wennstrom J., Lindhe J. (1979). Effect of hydrogen peroxide on developing plaque and gingivitis in man. J Clin Periodontol 6:115-130.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wennstrom J., Lindhe J. (1985). Some effects of a sanguinarine-containing mouthwash on developing plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 12:86-91.
  • Wolff LF, Pihlstrom BL, Bakdash BM, Aeppli DM, Bandt CL (1989). Effect of toothbrushing with 0.4% stannous fluoride and 0.22% sodium fluoride gel on gingivitis for 18 months. J Am Dent Assoc 119:283-289.[Abstract]

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 71, No. 7, 1450-1454 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345920710071701
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 JDRHome page
D. O'Mullane
New Agents in the Chemical Control of Plaque and Gingivitis: Reaction Paper
Journal of Dental Research, July 1, 1992; 71(7): 1455 - 1456.
[PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ciancio, S.G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ciancio, S.G.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?