Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Dental Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hargreaves, J.A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hargreaves, J.A.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

The Level and Timing of Systemic Exposure to Fluoride with Respect to Caries Resistance

J.A. Hargreaves

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Material related to water fluoridation and fluoride availability has been examined for changing patterns of fluoride intake by humans over recent years. The difficulty of separating systemic and topical fluoride action from water and foods from that found in fluoride agents used in preventive treatment programs is discussed.

Recommendations are made that water fluoridation is a wellproven program and should be continued, but that fluoride supplementation programs under the control of the individual should be carefully evaluated and, if used, should be restricted to periods after the secretory stage of enamel formation is normally finished for anterior teeth, with supplements commenced during the pre-eruption maturation period and continuing until permanent tooth eruption is complete. Although supplements can also give a topical source to the teeth, depending on the way the supplement is consumed and the duration of time it is available in the mouth, other methods of topical fluoride provision are endorsed, and these should continue through life. It is suggested, in respect of epidemiology studies, that data collected before the availability of fluoride dentifrices in 1971 should be re-examined.

REFERENCES

  • Aasenden R., Peebles TC (1974). Effects of fluoride supplementation from birth on human deciduous and permanent teeth. Arch Oral Biol 19:321-326.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Andersson R., Grahnen H. (1976). Fluoride tablets in preschool age-effect on primary and permanent teeth. Swed Dent J 69:137-143.
  • Angmar-Mansson B., Whitford GM (1984). Enamel fluorosis related to plasma F levels in the rat. Caries Res 18:25-32.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Arnold PA, Likins RC, Russell AL, Scott DB (1962). Fifteen years of the Grand Rapids fluoridation study. J Am Dent Assoc 65:780-785.
  • Backer Dirks 0, Kunzel W., Carlos JP (1978). Caries-preventive water fluoridation. Caries Res 12 (1 Suppl):7-14.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beltran ED, Burt BA ( 1988). The pre- and post-eruptive effects of fluoride in the caries decline. J Publ Health Dent 48:233-240.[CrossRef]
  • Borsboom Pcf, Mei HC, Arends J. (1985). Enamel lesion formation with and without 0.12 ppm F in solution. Caries Res 19:396-402.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Brunelle JA, Carlos JP (1990). Recent trends in dental caries in U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. J Dent Res 69:723-727.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cawson RA, Stocker Ipd (1984). The early history offluorides as anti-caries agents. Br Dent J 157:403-404.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Clovis J., Hargreaves JA (1988). Fluoride intake from beverage consumption. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 16:11-15.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Clovis J., Hargreaves JA, Thompson GW (1988). Caries prevalence and length of residency in fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities. Caries Res 22:311-315.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cooper VK, Ludwig TG (1965). Effect of fluoride and of soil trace elements on the morphology of the permanent molars in man. NZ Dent J 61:33-40.
  • Crabb Hsm (1976). The porous outer enamel of unerupted human premolars. Caries Res 10:1-7.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cutress TW (1972). The inorganic composition and solubility of dental enamel from several specified population groups. Arch Oral Biol 17:93-109.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • DenBesten PK, Heffernan LA (1989). Enamel proteases in secretory and maturation enamel of incisors of rats ingesting 0 and 100 ppm fluoride in drinking water. Adv Dent Res 3:199-202.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Driscoll WS (1974). The potential benefits to be derived from fluoride tablets. In: Forrester DJ, Schulz EMJr, editors. International workshop on fluorides and dental caries reductions. Baltimore (MD): School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 25-93.
  • Driscoll WS, Horowitz HS (1978). A discussion on optimal dosage for dietary fluoride supplementation. J Am Dent Assoc 96:1050-1053.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Edelstein BL (1979). Letter to the Editor. J Dent Child 46:331-332.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ekstrand J., Spak CJ, Falch J., Afseth J., Ulvestad H. (1984). Distribution of fluoride in human breast milk. Caries Res 18:93-95.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Englander HR, DePaola PF (1979). Enhanced anti-caries action from drinking water containing 5 ppm fluoride. J Am Dent Assoc 98:35-39.[Abstract]
  • Ericsson Y., Malmnas C. (1962). Placental transfer of fluoride investigated with F18 in man and rabbit. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 41:144-157.
  • Fejerskov 0, Richards A., Josephsen K. (1983). Pathogenesis and biochemical findings of dental fluorosis in various species. In: Shupe JL, Peterson HB, Leone NC, editors. Fluoride effects on vegetation, animals and humans. Salt Lake City (UT): Paragon Press, 312-326.
  • Fejerskov 0, Manji F., Baelum V., M0ller IJ (1988). Dental fluorosis-a a handbook for health workers. Copenhagen (Denmark): Munksgaard.
  • Gedalia I. (1964a). The fluoride content of teeth and bones of human fetuses. Arch Oral Biol 9:331-340.[CrossRef]
  • Gedalia I. (1964b). Placental transfer of fluoride in the human fetus at low and high F intake. J Dent Res 43:669-671.[Free Full Text]
  • Glenn FB (1977). Immunity conveyed by a fluoride supplement during pregnancy. J Dent Child 44:391-395.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Glenn FB ( 1979). Immunity conveyed by sodium fluoride supplement during pregnancy-Part II. J Dent Child 46:17-24.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Glenn FB, Glenn WD, Duncan RC (1984). Prenatal fluoride tablet supplementation and the fluoride content of teeth, Part VII. J Dent Child 51:344-351.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Granath LE, Rootzen H., Liljegren E., Holst K., Kohler L. (1978). Variations in caries prevalence related to combinations of dietary and oral hygiene habits and chewing fluoride tablets in 4-year-old children. Caries Res 12:83-92.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Groeneveld A., van Eck Aamj, Backer Dirks 0 (1990). Fluoride in caries prevention: is the effect pre-or post-eruptive? J Dent Res 69:751-755.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hargreaves JA (1972). Fluoride content of deciduous tooth enamel from three different regions. J Dent Res 51:274.
  • Hargreaves JA (1989). Dental variations of ionic and total fluoride in human milk. J Dent Res 68:402.
  • Hargreaves JA (1990). Water fluoridation and fluoride supplementation: considerations for the future. J Dent Res 69:765-770.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hargreaves JA, Chester CC (1973). Clinical trial among Scottish children of an anti-caries dentifrice containing 2% sodium monofluorophosphate. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1:47-57.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hargreaves JA, Thompson GW, Pimlott Jfl, Norbert LD (1988a). Commencement date of fluoride supplementation related to dental caries (abstract). J Dent Res 67:230.
  • Hargreaves JA, Thompson GW, Pimlott Jfl, Nobert LD (1988b). Commencement date of fluoride supplementation related to fluorosis (abstract). J Dent Res 67:231.
  • Healey WB, Ludwig TG (1966). Enamel solubility studied on New Zealand teeth. NZ Dent J 62:276-278.
  • Horowitz HS (1990). The future of water fluoridation and other systemic fluorides. J Dent Res 69:760-764.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • James Pmc (1990). Report of meeting-fluoride ingestion and dosage of fluoride dietary supplements. Commun Dent Health 7:315-319.
  • Isaac S., Brudevold F., Smith FA, Gardner DW (1958). Solubility rate and natural fluoride content of surface and subsurface enamel. J Dent Res 37:254-263.[Free Full Text]
  • Jenkins GN (1963). Theories on the mode of action of fluoride in reducing dental decay. J Dent Res 42:444-452.[Free Full Text]
  • Kalsbeek H., Verrips Ghw (1990). Dental caries prevalence and the use of fluorides in different European countries. J Dent Res 69:728-732.
  • Klein H. (1945). Dental caries experience in relocated children exposed to water containing fluorine. I. Incidence of new caries after 2 years of exposure among previously caries-free permanent teeth. Publ Health Rev 60:1462-1467.
  • Klein H. (1946). Dental caries (DMF). Experience in relocated children exposed to water containing fluorine II. JAm Dent Assoc 33:1136-1141.
  • LeGeros RZ, Glenn FB, Lee DD, Glenn WD (1985). Some physicochemical properties of deciduous enamel with and without prenatal fluoride supplementation (PNF). J Dent Res 64:465-469.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lewis DW (1976). An evaluation of the effects of water fluoridation, City of Toronto, 1963-1975. Toronto (Canada): The Corporation of the City of Toronto.
  • Manji F., Fejerskov 0 (1990). Dental caries in developing countries in relation to the appropriate use of fluoride. J Dent Res 69:733-741.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Margolis HC, Moreno EC (1990). Physicochemical perspectives on the cariostatic mechanisms of systemic and topical fluorides. J Dent Res 69:606-613.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Møller IJ (1965). Dental fluorose og caries. En undersogelse over litteraturen samt nogle epidemiologiske undersogelser af danske born (Thesis). Copenhagen (Denmark): Rhodos.
  • Murray JJ, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Jenkins GN (1991). Fluorides in caries prevention. Oxford (England): Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.
  • Nikiforuk G. (1985). Understanding dental caries. Vol.2. Basel (Switzerland): Karger.
  • O'Mullane DM (1990). The future of water fluoridation. J Dent Res 69:756-759.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pendrys DC, Stamm JW (1990). Relationship of total fluoride intake to beneficial effects and enamel fluorosis. J Dent Res 69:529-538.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Poulsen S., Larsen MJ (1975). Dental caries in relation to fluoride content of enamel in the primary dentition. Caries Res 9:59-65.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Review of Perspectives on the Use of Prenatal Fluorides-A. Symposium (1981). J Dent Child 48:102-133.
  • Richards A. (1990). Nature and mechanisms of dental fluorosis in animals. J Dent Res 69:701-705.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Richards A., Kragstrup J., Josephsen K., Fejerskov 0 (1986). Dental fluorosis developed in post-secretory enamel. J Dent Res 65:1406-1409.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Simpson WJ, Castaldi CR (1969). A study in crown morphology of newly-erupted first permanent molars in Wetaskiwin Alberta (optimum fluoride) and Camrose Alberta (low fluoride). Odontol Revy 20:1-14.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Singer L., Ophaug RH (1979). Total fluoride intake of infants. Pediatrics 63:460-466.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Stephen KW, McCall DR, Gilmour WH (1991). Incisor enamel mottling prevalence in child cohorts which had or had not taken fluoride supplements from 0-12 years of age. Proc Finn Dent Soc 87:595-605.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stephen KW, McCall DR, Tullis JI (1987). Caries prevalence in northern Scotland before, and 5 years after, water defluoridation. Br Dent J 163:324-326.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Subba Rao G. (1984). Dietary intake and bioavailability of fluoride. Ann Rev Nutr 4:115-136.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Suckling GW (1989). Developmental defects of enamel-historical and present-day perspectives of their pathogenesis. Adu Dent Res 3:87-94.
  • Suga S. ( 1982). Progressive mineralization pattern of developing enamel during the maturation stage. J Dent Res 61:1532-1542.
  • ten Cate JM, Duijsters Ppe (1983a). Influence of fluoride in solution on tooth demineralization, I. Chemical data. Caries Res 17:193-199.
  • ten Cate JM, Duijsters Ppe (1983b). Influence of fluoride in solution on tooth demineralization, II. Micrographical data. Caries Res 17:513-519.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Thylstrup A. (1990). Clinical evidence of the role of pre-eruptive fluoride in caries prevention. J Dent Res 69:742-750.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tijmstra T., Brinkman-Engels M., Groeneveld A. (1978). Effect of socioeconomic factors on the observed caries reduction after fluoride tablet and fluoride toothpaste consumption. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 6:227-230.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tyler JE, Poole Dfg, Stack MV, Dowell TB (1986). Superficial fluoride levels and response to in vitro caries-like lesion induction of enamel from Bristol (UK) and Birmingham (UK) human deciduous teeth. Arch Oral Biol 31:201-204.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Weatherell JA, Deutsch D., Robinson C., Hallsworth AS (1977). Assimilation of fluoride by enamel through the life of the tooth. Caries Res 11 (1 Suppl):85-101.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Weatherell JA, Hargreaves JA (1966). Effect of resorption on the fluoride content of human deciduous dentine. Arch Oral Biol 11:749-756.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Whitford GM (1990). The physiological and toxicological characteristics of fluoride. J Dent Res 69:539-549.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • US Environmental Protection Agency (1985). Drinking water criteria document on fluoride. Washington (DC): US Environmental Protection Agency.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 71, No. 5, 1244-1248 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345920710051801
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hargreaves, J.A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hargreaves, J.A.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?