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Induction of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation by Titanium Dioxide

Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands

J.M. Ten Cate

Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands

J.E. Ellingsen

Department of Preclinical Techniques and Material Sciences, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo 3, Norway

Titanium powder and various titanium dioxides were tested for their capacity to reduce the induction time for calcium phosphate precipitation from supersaturated solutions. Only after a pretreatment aimed at increasing its oxide surface layer was titanium powder found to accelerate the precipitation from solutions containing 2 mmol/L CaCl₂, 2 mmol/L KH₂PO₄, 50 mmol/L Hepes, pH 7.2, and to induce precipitation from metastable solutions containing 1.2 mmol/L CaCl₂, 1.2 mmol/L KH₂PO₄, 50 mmol/L Hepes, pH 7.2, at 37°C. Even stronger effects were found when suspensions of the titanium dioxides anatase or rutile (10-50 µg/mL) were added to these solutions. TiO₂ appeared to serve as a reactive substrate for secondary nucleation at a wide range of calcium-to-phosphate ratios and concentrations, even in the presence of 40 mg/mL bovine serum albumin, which completely inhibited precipitation in control incubations. These results suggest that the oxide surface layer of titanium implants may induce calcium phosphate precipitation in the metal-to-bone interface, which may play a role in the integration of such implants in bone.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 70, No. 10, 1346-1349 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345910700100601


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