Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Dental Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Loesche, W.J.
Right arrow Articles by Hujoel, P.P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Loesche, W.J.
Right arrow Articles by Hujoel, P.P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

The Utility of the BANA Test for Monitoring Anaerobic Infections due to Spirochetes (Treponema denticola) in Periodontal Disease

W.J. Loesche

The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

J. Giordano

The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

P.P. Hujoel

The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus each possesses an enzyme(s) that hydrolyzes the synthetic substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA). The presence of these organisms in a subgingival plaque sample can be determined by the ability of the plaque to hydrolyze BANA. In the present study, we describe the usefulness of the BANA test at various stages of a clinical trial of the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of periodontal disease. A BANA-positive test was significantly associated with high levels and proportions of spirochetes in the plaque, so that it provided information comparable with that which could be obtained by a microscopic examination of the plaque. Patients with such anaerobic spirochetal infections were randomly assigned to a group receiving either metronidazole or placebo (250 mg, three times a day) for one week and whose teeth were scaled and root-planed. The advantages of the decision that metronidazole be used were apparent from the comparison with the results obtained in the patients who received only the scaling and root planing. The initially BANA-positive teeth in the patients treated with metronidazole, scaling, and root planing gained attachment and exhibited a significant reduction in the need for periodontal surgery, when compared with the BANA-positive teeth in the patients who received only placebo, scaling, and root planing. After the conclusion of this therapy, those teeth with persistent BANA-positive plaques had significantly higher proportions and levels of spirochetes than did the teeth with BANA-negative plaques. A tooth site which tested BANA-positive after the initial therapy lost significantly more attachment in the year following active treatment than did a tooth site that tested BANA-negative, i.e., a mean difference of 0.48 mm per year. The ability of the BANA test to detect an anaerobic infection due to the BANA-positive species and possibly to predict future attachment loss indicates that this test may be helpful in the management of the periodontally diseased patient.

REFERENCES

  • Aeppli, D.M.; Bandt, C.L.; and Boen, J.R. (1985): Measuring and Interpreting Increases in Probing Depth and Attachment Loss, J Periodontol 56:262-264.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Badersten, A.; Nilveus, R.; and Egelberg, J. (1987): Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. (VIII) Probing Attachment Changes Related to Clinical Characteristics, J Clin Periodontol 14:425-432.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Begg, C.B. (1987): Biases in the Assessment of Diagnostic Tests, Stat Med 6:411-423.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bragd, L.; Dahlén, G.; Wikstrom, M.; and Slots, J. (1987): The Capability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius to Indicate Progressive Periodontitis, a Retrospective Study, J Clin Periodontol 14:95-99.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bretz, W.A. and Loesche, W.J. (1987): Characteristics of Trypsin-like Activity in Subgingival Plaque Samples, J Dent Res 66:1668-1672.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Cheng, S.L.; Siboo, R.; Chin Quee, T.; Johnson, J.L.; Mayberry, W.R.; and Chan, E.C.S. (1985): Comparative Study of Six Random Oral Spirochete Isolates, J Periodont Res 20:602-612.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cohen, M.E. and Ralls, S. (1988): False Positive Rates in the Determination of Changes in Probing Depth-related Periodontal Measurements, J Periodont Res 23:161-165.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cox, S.W. and Eley, B.M. (1989a): Tryptase-like Activity in Crevicular Fluid from Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients, J Periodont Res 24:41-44.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cox, S.W. and Eley, B.M. (1989b): Detection of Cathepsin B- and L-, Elastase-, Tryptase-, Trypsin-, and Dipeptidyl Peptidases IV-like Activities in Crevicular Fluid from Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients with Peptidyl Derivatives of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl Coumarin, J Periodont Res 24:353-361.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dzink, J.L.; Socransky, S.S.; and Haffajee, A.D. (1988): The Predominant Cultivable Microbiota of Active and Inactive Lesions of Destructive Periodontal Diseases, J Clin Periodontol 15:316-323.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fleiss, J.L.; Wallenstein, S.; Chilton, N.W.; and Goodson, J.M. (1988): A Re-examination of Within Mouth Correlations of Attachment Level and Changes in Attachment Level, J Clin Periodontol 15:411-416.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Giovannoni, S.J.; Delong, E.F.; Olsen, G.J.; and Pace, N.R. (1988): Phylogenetic Group-Specific Oligodeoxynucleotide Probes for Identification of Single Microbial Cells, J Bacteriol 170:720-726.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Gmur, R.; Strub, J.R.; and Guggenheim, B. (1989): Prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus and Bacteroides gingivalis in Subgingival Plaque of Prosthodontically treated Patients on Short Recall, J Periodont Res 24:113-120.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Goodson, J.M. (1986): Clinical Measurements of Periodontitis, J Clin Periodontol 13:446-460.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gunsolley, J.C. and Best, A.M. (1988): Change in Attachment Level, J Periodontol 59:450-452.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Haffajee, A.D. and Socransky, S.S. (1986): Attachment Level Changes in Destructive Periodontal Diseases, J Clin Periodontol 13:461-475.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Haffajee, A.D.; Socransky, S.S.; and Goodson, J.M. (1983): Clinical Parameters as Predictors of Destructive Periodontal Disease Activity, J Clin Periodontol 10:257-265.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hujoel, P.; Moulton, L.; and Loesche, W.J. (1990): Estimation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Site-specific Diagnostic Tests, J Periodont Res 25:193-196.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Keyes, P.H. and Rams, R.E. (1983): A Rationale for the Management of Periodontal Diseases: Rapid Identification of Microbial "Therapeutic Targets" with Phase-Contrast Microscopy, J Am Dent Assoc 106:803-812.[Abstract]
  • Knowles, J.W.; Burgett, F.G.; Nissle, R.R.; Shick, R.A.; Morrison, E.C.; and Ramfjord, S. (1979): Results of Periodontal Treatment Related to Pocket Depth and Attachment Level, J Periodontol 50:225-233.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lang, N.P.; Joss, A.; Orsanic, T.; Gusberti, F.A.; and Siegrist, O.E. (1986): Bleeding on Probing. A Predictor for the Progression of Periodontal Disease, J Clin Periodontol 13:590-596.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Laughon, B.E.; Syed, S.A.; and Loesche, W.J. (1982): API-ZYM System for Identification of Bacteroides sp., Capnocytophaga sp. and Spirochetes of Oral Origin, J Clin Microbiol 15:97-102.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lindhe, J.; Westfelt, E.; Nyman, S.; Socransky, S.S.; Heijl, L.; and Bratthall, G. (1982): Healing Following Surgical/Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Clinical Study, J Clin Periodontol 9:115-128.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Listgarten, M.A. and Hellden, L. (1978): Relative Distribution of Bacteria at Clinically Healthy and Periodontally Diseased Sites in Humans, J Clin Periodontol 5:115-132.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Listgarten, M.A. and Levin, S. (1981): Positive Correlation Between the Proportions of Subgingival Spirochetes and Motile Bacteria and Susceptibility of Human Subjects to Periodontal Deterioration, J Clin Periodontol 8:122-138.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J. (1986): The Identification of Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease and Dental Caries by Enzymatic Methods, Oral Microbiol Immunol 1:65-70.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J. (1987): The Bacterial Etiology of Periodontal Disease: The Specific Plaque Hypothesis. In: Clinical Dentistry, J.W. Clark, Ed., Philadelphia: Harper & Row, pp. 11-20.
  • Loesche, W.J. (1988): The Role of Spirochetes in Periodontal Disease, Adv Dent Res 2:275-283.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Bretz, W.A.; Kerschensteiner, D.; Stoll, J.; Socransky, S.S.; Hujoel, P.P.; and Lopatin, D.E. (1990a): The Development of a Diagnostic Test for Anaerobic Periodontat Infections Based upon Plaque Hydrolysis of Benzoyl-DL-Arginine Naphthylamide (BANA), J Clin Microbiol 28:1551-1559.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Bretz, W.A.; Lopatin, D.; Stoll, J.; Rau, C.F.; Hillen-Burg, K.C.; Killoy, W.J.; Drisko, C.L.; Williams, R.; Weber, H.P.; Clark, W.; Magnusson, I.; Walker, C.; and Hujoel, P.P. (1990b): Multi-Center Clinical Evaluation of a Chairside Method for Detecting Certain Periodontopathic Bacteria in Periodontal Disease, J Periodontol 61:189-196.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Giordano, J.; and Hujoel, P.P. (1990c): Metronidazole in Periodontitis: Effect of Placement of Medication on Clinical and Bacteriological Parameters, J Dent Res 69:276, Abst. No. 1343.[Free Full Text]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Giordano, J.; Schwarcz, J.; Smith, B.; and Caffesse, R.G. (1988): A Double-blind Clinical Trial of Metronidazole in Periodontitis, J Dent Res 67:245, Abst. No. 1059.
  • Loesche, W.J. and Hujoel, P. (1990): Microbiological-based Diagnostic Tests for Periodontitis. Considerations in Regard to Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy. In: Markers of Disease Susceptibility and Activity for Periodontal Disease, N.W. Johnson, Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (in press).
  • Loesche, W.J.; Schmidt, E.; Smith, B.A.; Caffesse, R.; and Stoll, J. (1987a): Metronidazole Therapy for Periodontitis, J Periodont Res 22:224-226.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Syed, S.A.; Morrison, E.C.; Kerry, G.A.; Higgins, T.; and Stoll, J. (1984): Metronidazole in Periodontitis. I. Clinical and Bacteriological Results After 15 to 30 Weeks, J Periodontol 55:325-335.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Syed, S.A.; Schmidt, E.; and Morrison, E.C. (1985): Bacterial Profiles of Subgingival Plaques in Periodontitis, J Periodontol 56:447-456.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Loesche, W.J.; Syed, S.A.; and Stoll, J. (1987b): Trypsin-like Activity in Subgingival Plaque: a Diagnostic Marker for Spirochetes and Periodontal Disease? J Periodontol 58:266-273.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Moore, W.E.C. (1987): Microbiology of Periodontal Disease, J Periodont Res 22:335-341.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pihlstrom, B.L.; Oliphant, T.H.; and McHugh, R.B. (1984): Molar and Nonmolar Teeth Compared Over 61/2 Years Following Two Methods of Periodontal Therapy, J Periodontol 55:499-504.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ramfjord, S.P.; Knowles, J.W.; Nissle, R.R.; Schick, R.A.; and Burgett, F.G. (1973): Longitudinal Study of Periodontal Therapy, J Periodontol 44:66-77.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Savitt, E.D.; Strzempko, M.N.; Vaccaro, K.K.; Peros, W.J.; and French, C.K. (1988): Comparison of Cultural Methods and DNA Probe Analysis for the Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius in Subgingival Plaque Samples, J Periodontol 59:431-438.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Schmidt, E.F.; Bretz, W.A.; Hutchinson, R.A.; and Loesche, W.J. (1988): Correlation of the Hydrolysis of Benzoyl-Arginine-Naphthylamide (BANA) by Plaque with Clinical Parameters and Subgingival Levels of Spirochetes in Periodontal Patients, J Dent Res 67:1505-1509.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Simonson, L.G.; Goodman, C.H.; Bial, J.J.; and Morton, H.E. (1988): Quantitative Relationship of Treponema denticola to Severity of Periodontal Disease, Infect Immun 56:726-728.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Suido, H.; Neiders, M.E.; Barua, P.K.; Nakamura, M.; Mashimo, P.A.; and Genco, R.J. (1987): Characterization of N-CB2-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl Peptidase and Glycyl-prolyl Peptidase of Bacteroides gingivalis, J Periodont Res 22:412-418.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Syed, S.A.; Gusberti, F.A.; Loesche, W.J.; and Lang, N.P. (1984): Diagnostic Potential of Chromogenic Substrates for Rapid Detection of Bacterial Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease Associated Periodontal Plaques, J Periodont Res 19:618-621.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tally, F.P.; Goldin, B.R.; Sullivan, N.; Johnson, J.; and Gorbach, S.L. (1978): Antimicrobial Activity of Metronidazole in Anaerobic Bacteria, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 13:460-465.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wyss, C. (1989): Dependence of Proliferation of Bacteroides forsythus on Exogenous N-acetylmuramic Acid, Infect Immun 57:1757-1759.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Zambon, J.J.; Reynolds, H.S.; Chen, P.; and Genco, R.J. (1985): Rapid Identification of Periodontal Pathogens in Subgingival Dental Plaque. Comparison of Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy with Bacterial Culture for Detection of Bacteroides gingivalis, J Periodontol 56 (Suppl. 11):32-40.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 69, No. 10, 1696-1702 (1990)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345900690101301
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
C. A. Brissette and S. A. Lukehart
Mechanisms of Decreased Susceptibility to {beta}-Defensins by Treponema denticola
Infect. Immun., May 1, 2007; 75(5): 2307 - 2315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Microbiol. Rev.Home page
W. J. Loesche and N. S. Grossman
Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment
Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2001; 14(4): 727 - 752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
C.W. Drake, R.J. Hunt, and G.G. Koch
Three-year Tooth Loss among Black and White Older Adults in North Carolina
Journal of Dental Research, February 1, 1995; 74(2): 675 - 680.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
M.-R. Watson, W. Bretz, and W. Loesche
Presence of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Children Correlated with Periodontal Disease of Their Parents
Journal of Dental Research, October 1, 1994; 73(10): 1636 - 1640.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
D. Locker and J.L. Leake
Risk Indicators and Risk Markers for Periodontal Disease Experience in Older Adults Living Independently in Ontario, Canada
Journal of Dental Research, January 1, 1993; 72(1): 9 - 17.
[Abstract] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Loesche, W.J.
Right arrow Articles by Hujoel, P.P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Loesche, W.J.
Right arrow Articles by Hujoel, P.P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?