|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Bacteremia in Children Following Dental Extraction
W.A. Coulter
Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT126BN, Northern Ireland
A. Coffey
Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT126BN, Northern Ireland
I.D.F. Saunders
Dental Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast
A.M. Emmerson
Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT126BN, Northern Ireland
The incidence and intensity of bacteremia following tooth extraction in children were measured by blood culture. The effects on bacteremia of the number and type of teeth extracted, oral hygiene, gingival health, presence of abscess, and antibiotic prophylaxis were assessed. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of bacteremia from 63% to 35%. The intensity of bacteremia was 2 cfu/mL of blood or less in 80% of the children. An agar pour-plate method of blood culture was significantly more effective than broth in culturing the small volumes of inoculum. Of 83 bacterial strains characterized, 39 were strict anaerobes or micro-aerophilic, and the remainder mainly streptococci. S. mitior and S. sanguis were most commonly isolated, often in pure culture, and were generally sensitive to antibiotics. No direct association was demonstrated between the plaque and gingival indices and incidence of bacteremia or between the number of teeth extracted and the incidence or intensity of bacteremia. It is concluded that all children at risk from infective endocarditis require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to tooth extraction, since it is impossible for the likelihood or intensity of transient bacteremia to be clinically predicted.
REFERENCES
- Bender, I.B.; Seltzer, S.; Tashman, S.; and Meloff, G. (1963): Dental Procedures in Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 16:466-473.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Burket, L.W. and Burn, C.G. (1937): Bacteraemias Following Dental Extraction. Demonstration of Source of Bacteria by Means of a Non-pathogen (Serratia marcessens), J Dent Res 16:521-530.[Free Full Text]
- Cross, A.J.; Haworth, E.; and Spencer, R.C. (1986): A Re-evaluation of the Pour Plate Blood Culture Method for the Detection of Candida and other Septicaemias, J Hosp Infect 7:74-77.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Durack, D.T.; Kaplan, E.L.; and Bisno, A.L. (1983): Apparent Failures of Endocarditis Prophylaxis, Analysis of 52 Cases Submitted to a National Registry, J Am Med Assoc 250:2318-2322.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Elliott, R.H. and Dunbar, J.M. (1968): Streptococcal Bacteraemia in Children Following Dental Extractions, Arch Dis Child 43:451-454.[Free Full Text]
- Everett, E.D. and Hirschmann, J.V. (1977): Transient Bacteremia and Endocarditis Prophylaxis. A Review, Medicine ( Baltimore) 56:61-77.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Felner, J.M. and Dowell, V.R. (1970): Anaerobic Bacterial Endocarditis, N Engl J Med 283:1188-1192.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hess, J.; Holloway, Y.; and Dankert, J. (1983): Incidence of Postextraction Bacteremia Under Penicillin Cover in Children with Cardiac Disease, Pediatrics 71:554-558.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Holmberg, K. and Hallander, H.O. (1973): Numerical Taxonomy and Laboratory Identification of Bacterionema matruchotii, Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and Some Related Bacteria, J Gen Microbiol 76:43-63.
- Hunt, G.H. and Price, E.H. (1982): Comparison of a Homemade Blood Culture Broth Containing a Papain Digest of Liver, With Four Commercially Available Media for the Isolation of Anaerobes from Simulated Paediatric Blood Cultures, J Clin Pathol 35:1142-1149.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Khairat, O. (1966): An Effective Antibiotic Cover for the Prevention of Endocarditis Following Dental and Other Post-operative Bacteraemias, J Clin Pathol 19:561-566.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Knudson, R.P.; Maj, M.C.; and Alden, E.R. (1980): Neonatal Heelstick Blood Culture, Pediatrics 65:505-507.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Löe, H. and Silness, J. (1963): Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy, I. Prevalence and Severity, Acta Odontol Scand 21:533-551.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1985): Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard, NCCLS publication M7-A, pp. 579-595.
- Peterson, L.J. and Peacock, R. (1976): The Incidence of Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients Following Tooth Extraction, Circulation 53:676-679.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Roberts, G.J.; Radford, P.; and Holt, R. (1987): Prophylaxis of Dental Bacteraemia with Oral Amoxycillin in Children, Br Dent J 162:179-182.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Robinson, L.; Kraus, F.W.; Lazansky, J.P.; Wheeler, R.E.; Gordon, S.; and Johnson, V. (1950): Bacteremias of Dental Origin. II. A Study of the Factors Influencing Occurrence and Detection, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 3:923-936.[CrossRef]
- Rogosa, M.; Fitzgerald, R.J.; MacKintosh, M.E.; and Beaman, A.J. (1958): Improved Medium for Selective Isolation of Veillonella, J Bacteriol 76:455-456.[Free Full Text]
- Salventi, J.F.; Davies, T.A.; Randall, E.L.; Whitaker, S.; and Waters, J.R. (1979): Effect of Blood Dilution on Recovery of Organisms from Clinical Blood Cultures in Medium Containing Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate, J Clin Microbiol 9:248-252.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Shanson, D.C. (1982): The Microbiology of Infective Endocarditis and its Prevention. In: The Nature and Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis, R.A. Cawson, Ed., Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation, pp. 23-33.
- Shanson, D.C.; Moule, I.; and Tadayon, M. (1985a): Clinical Comparison of Anaerobic Blood-culture Media for Detecting Bacteraemia Due to Viridans Streptococci and Oral Anaerobes, J Med Microbiol 19:187-193.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Shanson, D.C.; Thomas, F.D.; and Johnstone, D. (1985b): Improved Detection of 'Viridans Streptococcus' Bacteraemia by Adding Sodium Polyanethol Sulphonate to Blood Cultures, J Clin Pathol 38:1346-1348.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Silness, J. and Löe, H. (1964): Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy, II. Correlation Between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Disease, Acta Odontol Scand 22:121-135.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Speck, W.T.; Spears, S.S.; Krongrad, E.; Mandel, L.; and Gersony, W.M. (1976): Transient Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients After Dental Extraction, Am J Dis Child 130:406-407.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Syed, S.A. and Loesche, W.J. (1978): Bacteriology of Human Experimental Gingivitis: Effect of Plaque Age, Infect Immun 21:821-829.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1982): The Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis, Lancet 2:1323-1326.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1986): Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis, Lancet 1:1267.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Zylber, L.J. and Jordan, H.V. (1982): Development of a Selective Medium for Detection and Enumeration of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii in Dental Plaque, J Clin Microbiol 15:253-259.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 69, No. 10,
1691-1695 (1990)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345900690101201
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
N. B. Parahitiyawa, L. J. Jin, W. K. Leung, W. C. Yam, and L. P. Samaranayake
Microbiology of Odontogenic Bacteremia: beyond Endocarditis
Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,
January 1, 2009;
22(1):
46 - 64.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Uckay, D. Pittet, L. Bernard, D. Lew, A. Perrier, and R. Peter
Antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures in patients with arthroplasties of the hip and knee
J Bone Joint Surg Br,
July 1, 2008;
90-B(7):
833 - 838.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. S. Lucas, A. Kyriazidou, M. Gelbier, and G. J. Roberts
Bacteraemia following debanding and gold chain adjustment
Eur J Orthod,
April 1, 2007;
29(2):
161 - 165.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Lockhart, M. T. Brennan, M. L. Kent, H. J. Norton, and D. A. Weinrib
Impact of Amoxicillin Prophylaxis on the Incidence, Nature, and Duration of Bacteremia in Children After Intubation and Dental Procedures
Circulation,
June 15, 2004;
109(23):
2878 - 2884.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Stinson, S. Alder, and S. Kumar
Invasion and Killing of Human Endothelial Cells by Viridans Group Streptococci
Infect. Immun.,
May 1, 2003;
71(5):
2365 - 2372.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. S. Lucas, V. Lytra, T. Hassan, H. Tatham, M. Wilson, and G. J. Roberts
Comparison of Lysis Filtration and an Automated Blood Culture System (BACTEC) for Detection, Quantification, and Identification of Odontogenic Bacteremia in Children
J. Clin. Microbiol.,
September 1, 2002;
40(9):
3416 - 3420.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. E. Juarez and M. W. Stinson
An Extracellular Protease of Streptococcus gordonii Hydrolyzes Type IV Collagen and Collagen Analogues
Infect. Immun.,
January 1, 1999;
67(1):
271 - 278.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. DEACON, A. J. PAGLIARO, S. B. ZELICOF, and H. W. HOROWITZ
Current Concepts Review - Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics for Procedures after Total Joint Replacement
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
November 1, 1996;
78(11):
1755 - 70.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
