Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Dental Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tenovuo, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vilja, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tenovuo, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vilja, P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Antimicrobial Factors in Saliva: Ontogeny and Relation to Oral Health

J. Tenovuo

Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, SF-20520 Turku 52, Finland

E. Grahn

Turku Naval Base, Turku, Finland

O.-P. Lehtonen

University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland

T. Hyyppa

Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, SF-20520 Turku 52, Finland

L. Karhuvaara

Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, SF-20520 Turku 52, Finland

P. Vilja

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, SF-33100 Tampere 10, Finland

Antimicrobial agents (antibody and non-antibody) present in human saliva protect oral tissues by a variety of mechanisms, such as prevention of bacterial adhesion, agglutination of micro-organisms, and inhibition of multiplication and metabolism. However, studies in which the concentrations of various salivary antimicrobial agents have been correlated to the presence and severity of oral diseases-of dental caries, in particular-have produced controversial data, and it seems evident, also on the basis of the present study, that no single salivary antimicrobial factor (except flow rate) affects oral health to a significant degree. In the present study, we report the levels of some selected salivary antimicrobial agents in predentate and dentate human infants, with a comparison to the levels found in young adults' saliva. Salivary lysozyme, peroxidase, and hypothiocyanite concentrations were already at the adult level at the time when the primary teeth erupt, whereas immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM), lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations were significantly lower in children than in adults. Dentate children had more IgG, thiocyanate, and protein in whole saliva than did predentate children.

REFERENCES

  • Betts, R.H. and Dainton, F.S. (1953): Electron Transfer and Other Processes Involved in the Spontaneous Bleaching of Acidified Solutions of Ferric Thiocyanate, J Am Chem Soc 75:5721-5727.[CrossRef]
  • Boackle, R.J. and Suddick, R.P. (1980): Salivary Proteins and Oral Health. In: The Biologic Basis of Dental Caries, L. Menaker, Ed., Hagerstown: Harper & Row, pp. 113-131.
  • Bowen, W.H.; Velez, H.; Aquirre, M.; Velasquez, H.; and Sierra, L.I. (1977): The Microbiology and Biochemistry of Plaque, Saliva and Drinking Water from Two Communities with Contrasting Levels of Caries in Colombia, S.A., J Dent Res 56:C32-C39.[Free Full Text]
  • Brandtzaeg, P. (1983): The Oral Secretory Immune System with Special Emphasis on its Relation to Dental Caries, Proc Finn Dent Soc 79:71-84.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Burgio, G.R.; Lanzavecchia, A.; Plebani, A.; Jayakar, S.; and Ugazio, A.G. (1980): Ontogeny of Secretory Immunity: Levels of Secretory IgA and Natural Antibodies in Saliva, Pediatr Res 14:1111-1114.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Challacombe, S.J.; Russell, M.W.; Hawkes, J.E.; Berg-Meier, L.A.; and Lehner, T. (1978): Passage of Immunoglobulins from Plasma to the Oral Cavity in Rhesus Monkeys, Immunol 35:923-931.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cole, M.F.; Bowden, G.H.; Sierra, L.; Espinal, F.; Aquirre, M.; Kingman, A.; Kemp, L.J.; Gomez, I.; Reilly, J.A.; Hsu, D.; Ciardi, J.E.; and Gillespie, G. (1978): Immunoglobulins and Antibodies in Plaque Fluid and Saliva of Two Populations with Contrasting Levels of Caries, Adv Exp Med Biol 107:383-392.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cowman, R.A.; Baron, S.S.; Fitzgerald, R.J.; Dan-Ziger, J.L.; and Quintana, J.A. (1982): Growth Inhibition of Oral Streptococci in Saliva by Anionic Proteins from Two Caries-free Individuals, Infect Immun 37:513-518.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Gleeson, M.; Cripps, A.W.; Clancy, R.L.; Husband, A.J.; Hensley, M.J.; and Leeder, S.R. (1982): Ontogeny of the Secretory Immune System in Man, Aust N Z J Med 12:255-258.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gothefors, L. and Marklund, S. (1975): Lactoperoxidase Activity in Human Milk and in Saliva of Newborn Infants, Infect Immun 11:1210-1215.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Gronblad, E. and Lindholm, K. (1986): Salivary Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Predentate and Edentulous Mouths, Scand J Dent Res (in press).
  • Holmberg, K. and Killander, J. (1971): Quantitative Determination of Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and Identification of IgA-type in the Gingival Fluid, J Periodont Res 6:1-8.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kato, K. and Nagatsu, T. (1967): Peroxidase Activity of Saliva. II. Activities in Normal Human and in Oral Diseases, Med Biol ( Tokyo) 74:43-46.
  • Kertesz, P.; Pienihäkkinen, K.L.; Pados, R.; Nemes, J.; Scheinin, A.; and Banoczy, J. (1985): Salivary Peroxidase in Relation to Caries Prevalence, Caries Res 19:166-167.
  • Kowolik, M.J. and Grant, M. (1983): Myeloperoxidase Activity in Human Gingival Crevicular Neutrophils, Arch Oral Biol 28:293-295.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lamberts, B.L.; Pruitt, K.M.; Pederson, E.D.; and Gold-Ing, M.P. (1984): Comparison of Salivary Peroxidase System Components in Caries-free and Caries-active Naval Recruits, Caries Res 18:488-494.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lehtonen, O.-P.; Grahn, E.; Stahlberg, T.; and Laiti-Nen, L.A. (1984): Amount and Avidity of Salivary and Serum Antibodies Against Streptococcus mutans in Two Groups of Human Subjects with Different Dental Caries Susceptibility, Infect Immun 43:308-313.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lowry, O.H.; Rosebrough, N.J.; Farr, A.L.; and Ran-Dall, R.J. (1951): Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent, J Biol Chem 193:265-275.[Free Full Text]
  • Mackay, B.J.; Goodman, H.; Cox, D.; Grossbard, B.L.; Iacono, V.J.; and Pollock, J.J. (1984): Development of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Lysozyme in Human Parotid and Submandibular-Sublingual Salivas, J Clin Microbiol 19:844-848.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Mandel, I.D. and Zengo, A.N. (1973): Genetical and Chemical Aspects in Caries Resistance. In: Comparative Immunology of the Oral Cavity, S.E. Mergenhagen and H.W. Sherp, Eds., Washington, D.C.: Govt. Printing Office, pp. 118-137.
  • Mandel, I.D. (1979): In Defense of the Oral Cavity. In: Proceedings, Saliva and Dental Caries, I. Kleinberg, S.A. Ellison, and I.D. Mandel, Eds., Sp.Supp. Microbiology Abstracts, New York: Information Retrieval, Inc., pp. 473-491.
  • Mandel, I.D.; Behrman, J.; Levy, R.; and Weinstein, D. (1983): The Salivary Lactoperoxidase System in Caries-resistant and -susceptible Adults, J Dent Res 62:922-925.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Mandel, I.D. and Ellison, S.A. (1985): The Biological Significance of the Nonimmunoglobulin Defense Factors. In: The Lactoperoxidase System: Chemistry and Biological Significance, K.M. Pruitt and J. Tenovuo, Eds., New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 1-14.
  • Mansson-Rahemtulla, B.; Pruitt, K.M.; and Rahemtulla, F. (1985): Determination of Specific Myeloperoxidase Activity in Human Saliva, J Dent Res 64: 378, Abst. No. 1834.
  • Moldoveanu, Z.; Tenovuo, J.; Mestecky, J.; and Pruitt, K.M. (1982): Human Milk Peroxidase is Derived from Milk Leukocytes, Biochim Biophys Acta 718:103-109.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Raeste, A.-M. (1972): Lysozyme (Muramidase) Activity of Leukocytes and Exfoliated Epithelial Cells in the Oral Cavity, Scand J Dent Res 80:422-427.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Raeste, A.-M. (1976): Leukocytes in the Edentulous Mouth, Scand J Dent Res 84:423-425.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Roberts, S.A. and Freed, D.L.J. (1977): Neonatal IgA Secretion Enhanced by Breast Feeding, Lancet ii:1131.
  • Rosan, B.; Appelbaum, B.; Golub, E.; Malamud, D.; and Mandel, I.D. (1982): Enhanced Saliva-mediated Bacterial Aggregation and Decreased Bacterial Adhesion in Caries-resistant Versus Caries-susceptible Individuals, Infect Immun 38:1056-1059.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Rudney, J.D. and Smith, Q.T. (1985): Relationship Between Levels of Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Salivary Peroxidase, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Stimulated Parotid Saliva, Infect Immun 49:469-475.
  • Schiott, C.R. and Löe, H. (1970): The Origin and Variation in Number of Leukocytes in the Human Saliva, J Periodont Res 5:36-41.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Smith, Q.T. and Yang, C.H. (1984): Salivary Myeloperoxidase of Young Adult Humans, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 175:468-475.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Stuchell, R.N. and Mandel, I.D. (1983): A Comparative Study of Salivary Lysozyme in Caries-resistant and Caries-susceptible Adults, J Dent Res 62:552-554.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Tenovuo, J. and Anttonen, T. (1980): Peroxidase-catalyzed Hypothiocyanite Production in Human Salivary Sediment in Relation to Oral Health, Caries Res 14:269-275.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tenovuo, J.; Pruitt, K.M.; and Thomas, E.L. (1982): Peroxidase Antimicrobial System of Human Saliva: Hypothiocyanite Levels in Resting and Stimulated Saliva, J Dent Res 61:982-985.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Tenovuo, J. and Pruitt, K.M. (1985): Relationship of the Human Salivary Peroxidase System to Oral Health, J Oral Pathol 13:573-584.
  • Tenovuo, J.; Lehtonen, O.-P.; Aaltonen, A.S.; Vilja, P.; and Tuohimaa, P. (1986a): Antimicrobial Factors in Whole Saliva of Human Infants, Infect Immun 51:49-53.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Tenovuo, J.; Lehtonen, O.-P.; Viikari, J.; Larjava, H.; Vilja, P.; and Tuohimaa, P. (1986b): Immunoglobulins and Innate Antimicrobial Factors in Whole Saliva of Patients with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus, J Dent Res 65:62-66.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Twetman, S.; Lindner, A.; and Modeer, T. (1981): Lysozyme and Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Caries-free and Caries-susceptible Pre-school Children, Swed Dent J 5:9-14.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Venge, P.; Foucard, T.; Henriksen, J.; Hakansson, L.; and Kreuger, A. (1984): Serum-levels of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme and Myeloperoxidase in Normal, Infection-prone and Leukemic Children, Clin Chim Acta 136:121-130.
  • Vilja, P.; Krohn, K.; and Tuohimaa, P. (1985): A Rapid and Sensitive Non-competitive Avidin-Biotin Assay for Lactoferrin, J Immunol Meth 76:73-83.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wever, R.; Kast, W.M.; Kasinoedin, J.H.; and Boylens, R. (1982): The Peroxidation of Thiocyanate Catalysed by Myeloperoxidase and Lactoperoxidase, Biochim Biophys Acta 709:212-219.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wolfe, A.D. and Turner, N.C. (1957): Salivary Peroxidatic Activity, J Dent Res 36:843-851.[Free Full Text]

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 66, No. 2, 475-479 (1987)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345870660021501
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 JDRHome page
S. Ruhl, S.A. Rayment, G. Schmalz, K.-A. Hiller, and R.F. Troxler
Proteins in Whole Saliva during the First Year of Infancy
Journal of Dental Research, January 1, 2005; 84(1): 29 - 34.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CVIHome page
A. Uehara, S. Sugawara, K. Watanabe, S. Echigo, M. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, and H. Takada
Constitutive Expression of a Bacterial Pattern Recognition Receptor, CD14, in Human Salivary Glands and Secretion as a Soluble Form in Saliva
Clin. Vaccine Immunol., March 1, 2003; 10(2): 286 - 292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Innate ImmunityHome page
S. Sugawara, A. Uehara, R. Tamai, and H. Takada
Innate immune responses in oral mucosa
Innate Immunity, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 465 - 468.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ADRHome page
J.D. Rudney
Saliva and Dental Plaque
Advances in Dental Research, December 1, 2000; 14(1): 29 - 39.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ADRHome page
M. Lenander-Lumikari and V. Loimaranta
Saliva and Dental Caries
Advances in Dental Research, December 1, 2000; 14(1): 40 - 47.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
H. Marcotte and M. C. Lavoie
Oral Microbial Ecology and the Role of Salivary Immunoglobulin A
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 1998; 62(1): 71 - 109.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
V. Kirstila, P. Hakkinen, H. Jentsch, P. Vilja, and J. Tenovuo
Longitudinal Analysis of the Association of Human Salivary Antimicrobial Agents with Caries Increment and Cariogenic Micro-organisms: A Two-year Cohort Study
Journal of Dental Research, January 1, 1998; 77(1): 73 - 80.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
J.D. Rudney, Z. Ji, C.J. Larson, W.F. Liljemark, and K.L. Hickey
Saliva Protein Binding to Layers of Oral Streptococci in vitro and in vivo
Journal of Dental Research, June 1, 1995; 74(6): 1280 - 1288.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 CROBMHome page
J.D. Rudney
Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 1995; 6(4): 343 - 367.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
I. Johansson, M. Lenander-Lumikari, and A.-K. Saellstrom
Saliva Composition in Indian Children with Chronic Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Journal of Dental Research, January 1, 1994; 73(1): 11 - 19.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JDRHome page
M. Lenander-Lumikari, B. Mansson-Rahemtulla, and F. Rahemtulla
Lysozyme Enhances the Inhibitory Effects of the Peroxidase System on Glucose Metabolism of Streptococcus mutans
Journal of Dental Research, March 1, 1992; 71(3): 484 - 490.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 CROBMHome page
D. J. Smith and M. A. Taubman
Ontogeny of Immunity to Oral Microbiota in Humans
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 1992; 3(1): 109 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tenovuo, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vilja, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tenovuo, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vilja, P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?