|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Dental Fluorosis in an Area of Kenya with 2 ppm Fluoride in the Drinking Water
F. Manji
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Medical Research Centre, Oral Health Research Unit, PO Box 20752, Nairobi, Kenya
V. Baelum
Royal Dental College, Vennelyst Boulevard, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
O. Fejerskov
Royal Dental College, Vennelyst Boulevard, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
We examined 102 children born and reared in an area of rural Kenya with 2 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for dental fluorosis, using the index developed by Thylstrup and Fejerskov (1978). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 100%, 92% of all teeth exhibited a TFI score of 4 or higher, and 50% of the children had pitting or more severe enamel damage in at least half the teeth present. The fluorotic changes showed a high degree of bilateral symmetry. The intra-oral distribution of the changes corresponded to the pattern of fluoride-induced enamel changes reported by other investigators in high-fluoride areas. The high prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in a 2-ppm-fluoride area is in accordance with recent observations on dental fluorosis being very prevalent in Kenya, even in low-fluoride areas (<1 ppm F). We are presently investigating the possible variables which may explain this unexpected susceptibility of large populations in Eastern Africa to fluorosis from exposure to low levels of fluoride.
REFERENCES
- Baelum, V.; Manji, F.; and Fejerskov, O. (1986): Post-eruptive Tooth Age and Severity of Dental Fluorosis, Scand J Dent Res, in press.
- Dean, H.T. (1934): Classification of Mottled Enamel Diagnosis, J Am Dent Assoc 21:1421-1426.
- Dean, H.T. (1942): The Investigation of Physiological Effects by the Epidemiological Method. In: Fluorine in Dental Health. F.R. Moulton, Ed., Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 23-31.
- Gallagan, D.F. and Lamson, G.G. (1953): Climate and Dental Fluorosis, Publ Health Rep 68:497-508.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Granath, L.; Widenheim, J.; and Birkhed, D. (1985): Diagnosis of Mild Enamel Fluorosis in Permanent Maxillary Incisors Using Two Scoring Systems, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 13:273-276.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Larsen, M.J.; Kirkegaard, E.; Fejerskov, O.; and Poulsen, S. (1985a): Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis After Fluoride Gel Treatments in a Low Fluoride Area, J Dent Res 64:1076-1079.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Larsen, M.J.; Kirkegaard, E.; Poulsen, S.; and Fejerskov, O. (1986): Enamel Fluoride, Dental Fluorosis and Dental Caries Among New Arrivals and Permanent Residents in Five Danish Fluoride Areas, Caries Res, in press.
- Larsen, M.J.; Richards, A.; and Fejerskov, O. (1985b): Development of Dental Fluorosis According to Age at Start of Fluoride Administration, Caries Res 19:519-527.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Manji, F.; Baelum, V.; Fejerskov, O.; and Gemert, W. (1986): Enamel Changes in Two Low Fluoride Areas of Kenya, Caries Res, in press.
- Richards, L.F.; Westmoreland, W.W.; Tashiro, M.; McKay, C.H.; and Morrison, J.T. (1967): Determining Optimum Fluoride Levels for Community Water Supplies in Relation to Temperature, J Am Dent Assoc 74:389-397.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Thylstrup, A. (1983): Post-eruptive Development of Isolated Confluent Pits in Fluorosed Enamel in a 6-year-old Girl, Scand J Dent Res 91:243-246.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Thylstrup, A. and Fejerskov, O. (1978): Clinical Appearance of Dental Fluorosis in Permanent Teeth in Relation to Histologic Changes, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 6:315-328.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Thylstrup, A. and Fejerskov, O. (1979): A Scanning Electron Microscopic and Microradiographic Study of Pits in Fluorosed Human Enamel, Scand J Dent Res 87:105-114.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- van Ginneken, J.K. and Muller, A.S. (1984): Maternal and Child Health in Rural Kenya: An Epidemiological Study. London: Croom Helm.
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 65, No. 5,
659-662 (1986)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650050501
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. Thorpe
Oral Health Issues in the African Region: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
J Dent Educ.,
November 1, 2006;
70(11_suppl):
8 - 15.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Aoba and O. Fejerskov
DENTAL FLUOROSIS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
March 1, 2002;
13(2):
155 - 170.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.G. Rozier
Epidemiologic Indices for Measuring the Clinical Manifestations of Dental Fluorosis: Overview and Critique
Advances in Dental Research,
June 1, 1994;
8(1):
39 - 55.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Richards, O. Fejerskov, and V. Baelum
Enamel Fluoride in Relation To Severity of Human Dental Fluorosis
Advances in Dental Research,
September 1, 1989;
3(2):
147 - 153.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
