|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria from the Human Oral Cavity
P.J. Baker
Department of Oral Biology and Periodontal Disease Clinical Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
R.T. Evans
Department of Oral Biology and Periodontal Disease Clinical Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
J. Slots
Department of Oral Biology and Periodontal Disease Clinical Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
R.J. Genco
Department of Oral Biology and Periodontal Disease Clinical Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Anaerobic, agar-dilution, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics are given for the numerically important bacterial groups from the human oral cavity. Strains are divided into susceptibility categories using the guidelines for interpretation of MICs suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. These guidelines are based on data on antibiotic concentrations attainable in serum following various dosage regimens. MICs are also compared with attainable gingival fluid levels where these are known. The highest percentages of strains were susceptible to tetracycline, with 89% of the 139 strains tested susceptible to serum levels and 97% conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels. Ninety-eight percent of strains were conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels of minocycline, but many strains, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, were only moderately susceptible to attainable serum levels of this tetracycline analogue. Carbenicillin was effective against most groups of organisms, with the important exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans, at serum levels attainable with oral formulations of carbenicillin. Only 2% of the total strains tested were resistant to penicillin, while 33% of strains were categorized as moderately susceptible. Clindamycin was active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria but was not active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, some Bacteroides, Eikenella corrodens, or the anaerobic vibrios. Metronidazole was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, all five groups of oral Bacteroides tested, and against Capnocytophaga species. Chloramphenicol was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, but not against most of the other groups of oral organisms. Nearly all groups contained strains non-susceptible to serum levels attainable with the usual doses of erythromycin, spiramycin, vancomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, or chlortetracycline; several strains were resistant to maximum attainable serum levels of each of these antibiotics except doxycycline.
REFERENCES
- Anolik, R.; Berkowitz, R.J.; Campos, J.M.; and Fried-Man, A.D. (1981): Actinobacillus Endocarditis Associated With Periodontal Disease, Clin Pediat 20:653-655.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Appelbaum, P.C. and Chatterton, S.A. (1978): Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria to Ten Antimicrobial Agents, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 14:371-376.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Bahn, S.L.; Ciola, B.; and Segal, A.G. (1981): Penicillin-resistant Bacteroides melaninogenicus Infection of the Mandible, J Oral Surg 39:221-223.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Baker, C.N. and Thornsberry, C. (1974): Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Patients with Endocarditis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5:268-271. Baker, P.J.; Evans, R.T.; Coburn, R.A.; and Genco, R.J. (1983a): Tetracycline and Its Derivatives Strongly Bind to and Are Released From the Tooth Surface in Active Form, J Periodontol 54:580-585.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Baker, P.J.; Slots, J.; Genco, R.J.; and Evans, R.T. (1983b): Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Various Antimicrobial Agents for Human Oral Anaerobic Bacteria, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 24:420-424.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Bartlett, J.G. and O'Keefe, P. (1979): The Bacteriology of Perimandibular Space Infections, J Oral Surg 37:407-409. Blair, T.P.; Seibel, J.; Oldfield, E.; Berg, S.W.; KAR-[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ney, W.; and Baker, W.P. (1982): Endocarditis Caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, South Med J 75:559-561. Brill, C.B.; Pearlstein, L.S.; Kaplan, J.M.; and Man-Call, E.L. (1982): C N S Infections Caused by Eikenella corrodens, Arch Neurol 39:431-432.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Brown, W.J. and Waatti, P.E. (1980): Susceptibility Testing of Clinically Isolated Anaerobic Bacteria by an Agar Dilution Technique, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 17:629-635.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Chow, A.W.; Patten, V.; and Guze, L.B. (1975): Comparative Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria to Minocycline, Doxycycline, and Tetracycline, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 7:46-49. Chow, A.W.; Roser, S.M.; and Brady, F.A. (1978): Orofacial Odontogenic Infections, Ann Intern Med 88:392-402.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Ciancio, S.G.; Mather, M.L.; and McMullen, J.A. (1980): An Evaluation of Minocycline in Patients with Periodontal Disease, J Periodontol 51:530-534.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Cowan, S.T. (1974): Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Dorff, G.J.; Jackson, L.J.; and Rytel, M.W. (1974): Infections with Eikenella corrodens, Ann Intern Med 80:305-309. Dornbusch, K. (1980): Antibiotic Susceptibility in Oral Bacteria, Swed Dent J 4:9-15.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Fainstein, V.; Luna, M.A.; and Bodey, G.P. (1981): Endocarditis Due to Eikenella corrodens in a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Cancer 48:40-42.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Finegold, S.M. (1977): Anaerobic Bacteria in Human Disease. New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Forlenza, S.W.; Newman, M.G.; Lipsey, A.I.; Siegel, S.E.; and Blachman, U. (1980): Capnocytophaga Sepsis: A Newly Recognized Clinical Entity in Granulocytopenic Patients, Lancet 1:567-568.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Fredericka, D.N. (1982): Endocarditis and Brain Abscesses Due to Bacteroides oralis, J Infect Dis 145:918.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Genco, R.J. (1981): Antibiotics in the Treatment of Human Periodontal Diseases, J Periodontol 52:545-558.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Gibbons, R.J. and Van Houte, J. (1978): Bacteriology of Dental Caries. In: Textbook of Oral Biology, J.H. Shaw, E.A. Sweeney, C.C. Cappuccino, and S.M. Meller. Eds., Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co., pp. 975-991.
- Gilligan, P.H.; McCarthy, L.R.; and Bissett, B.K. (1981): Capnocytophaga ochracea Septicemia, J Clin Microbiol 13:643-645.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Golub, L.M.; Lee, H.M.; Lehrer, G.; Nemiroff, A.; McNamara, T.F.; Kaplan, R.; and Ramamurthy, N.S. (1983): Minocycline Reduces Gingival Collagenolytic Activity During Diabetes. Preliminary Observations and a Proposed New Mechanism of Action, J Periodont Res 18:516-526.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Golub, L.M.; Wolf, M.; Lee, H.M.; Ramamurthy, N.; McNamara, T.F.; Zambon, J.; and Ciancio, S. (1984): Tetracycline Therapy (Tx) Inhibits Collagenolytic Activity in Human Periodontal Pockets. IADR Abst 63:No. 869.
- Gordon, J.M.; Walker, C.B.; Murphy, J.C.; Goodson, J.M.; and Socransky, S.S. (1981): Tetracycline:Levels Achievable in Gingival Crevice Fluid and in vitro Effect on Subgingival Organisms. Part I: Concentrations in Crevicular Fluid After Repeated Doses, J Periodontol 52:609-612.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hackman, A.S. and Wilkins, T.D. (1976): Influence of Penicillinase Production by Strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis on Penicillin Therapy of an Experimental Mixed Anaerobic Infection'in Mice, Arch Oral Biol 21:385-389. Hanson, C.W. and Martin, W.J. (1980); Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens by Using an Agar Dilution Procedure, Curr Microbiol 3:349-353. Heimdahl, A.; Von Konow, L.: and Nord, C.E. (1980): Isolation of β-Lactamase-producing Bacteroides Strains Associated with Clinical Failures with Penicillin Treatment of Human Orofacial Infections, Arch Oral Biol 25:689-692.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hoffler, U.; Niederau, W.; and Pulverer, G. (1980): Susceptibility of Bacterium actinomycetemcomitans to 45 Antibiotics, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 17:943-946.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Holdeman, L.V.; Cato, E.P.; and Moore, W.E.C. (1977): Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed., Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
- Holdeman, L.V. and Johnson, J.L. (1982): Description of Bac
- teroides loescheii sp. nov. and Emendation of the Descriptions of Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry) Roy and Kelly 1939 and Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1981, Int J Syst Bacteriol 32:399-409.
- Jackson, F.L. and Goodman, Y.E. (1972): Transfer of the Facultatively Anaerobic Organism Bacteroides corrodens Eiken to a New Genus, Eikenella, Int J Syst Bacteriol 22:73-77. Johnson, J.L. and Holdeman, L.V. (1983): Bacteroides intermedius comb. nov. and Descriptions of Bacteroides corporis sp. nov. and Bacteroides levii sp. nov, Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:15-25.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Kaplan, J.M.; McCracken, G.H.; and Nelson, J.D. (1982): Infections in Children Caused by the HB Group of Bacteria, J Pediatr 82:398-403.
- Kornman, K.S. and Karl, E.H. (1982): The Effect of Long-term Low-dose Tetracycline Therapy on the Subgingival Microflora in Refractory Adult Periodontitis, J Periodontol 53:604-610. Kucers, A. and Bennett, N.M. (1975): The Use of Antibiotics. A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Emphasis, Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Co.
- Lennette, E.H.; Balows, A.; Hausler, W.J.; and Truant, J.P., Eds. (1980): Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 3rd ed., Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, pp. 475-477.
- Lerner, P.I. (1974): Susceptibility of Pathogenic Actinomycetes to Antimicrobial Compounds, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5:302-309.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Martin, W.J.; Gardner, M.; and Washington, J.A. (1972): In vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1:148-158.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Mashimo, P.A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Slots, J.; Evans, R.T.; and Genco, R.J. (1981): In vitro Evaluation of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease, Pharmacol Ther in Dent 6:45-56.
- Murray, P.R. and Rosenblatt, J.E. (1977): Penicillin Resistance and Penicillinase Production in Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 11:605-608. National Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standards (1983): Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically. Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, PublicationM7-T.
- Newman, M.G. (1979): The Role of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Other Anaerobes in Periodontal Infections, Rev Infect Dis 1:313-323.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Newman, M.G.; Hulem, C.; Colgate, J.; and Anselmo, C. (1979): Antibacterial Susceptibility of Plaque Bacteria, J Dent Res 58:1722-1732.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Newman, M.G. and Socransky, S.S. (1977): Predominant Cultivable Microbiota in Periodontosis, J Periodont Res 12:120-128. Notten, F.; Oosten, A.L.-V.; and Mikx, F. (1982): Capillary Agar Diffusion Assay for Measuring Metronidazole in Human Gingival Crevice Fluid, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 21:836-837.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Page, M.I. and King, E.O. (1966): Infection Due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, New Eng J Med 275:181-188.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Physician's Desk Reference (1984): Oradell, N.J.: Medical Economics Company, Inc.
- Polin, K. and Shulman, S.T. (1982): Eikenella corrodens Osteomyelitis, Pediatrics 70:462-463.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Robinson, J.V.A. and James, A.L. (1974): In vitro Susceptibility of Bacteroides corrodens and Eikenella corrodens to Ten Chemotherapeutic Agents, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 6:543-546.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Root, T.E.; Silva, E.A.; Edwards, L.D.; and Topp, J.H. (1981): Haemophilus aphrophilus Endocarditis With a Probable Primary Dental Focus of Infection, Chest 80:109-110. Rozanis, J.; Johnson, R.H.; Haq, M.S.; and Schofield, I.D.F. (1979): Spiramycin as a Selective Dental Plaque Control Agent, J Periodont Res 14:55-64.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Slots, J. (1976): The Predominant Cultivable Organisms in Juvenile Periodontitis, Scand J Dent Res 84:1-10.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Slots, J. (1977): The Predominant Cultivable Microflora of Advanced Periodontitis. Scand J Dent Res 85:114-121.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Slots, J.; Evans, R.T.; Lobbins, P.M.; and Genco, R.J. (1980a): In vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18:9-12. Slots, J.; Reynolds, H.; and Genco, R.J. (1980b): Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Periodontal Disease: A Cross-sectional Microbiological Investigation, Infect Immun 29:1013-1020.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Sonnenworth, A.C. and Jarett, L., Eds. (1980): Gradwohl's Clinical Laboratory Methods and Diagnosis, 8th ed., St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Co., p. 1945.
- Staneck, J.L. and Washington, J.A. (1974): Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Anaerobic Bacteria: Recent Clinical Isolates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 6:311-315.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Steers, E.; Foltz, E.L.; Graves, B.S.; and Riden, J. (1959): Inocula Replicating Apparatus for Routine Testing of Bacterial Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Antibiot Chemother 9:307-311. Sundqvist, G. and Reuterving, C.-O. (1980): Isolation of Actinomyces israelii From a Periapical Lesion, J Endodont 6:602-606.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Sutter, V.L. and Finegold, S.M. (1976): Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria to 23 Antimicrobial Agents, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 10:736-752.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Sutter, V.L.; Vargo, V.L.; and Finegold, S.M., Eds. (1980): Wadsworth Anaerobic Bacteriology Manual, 2nd ed., Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles Extension Division.
- Sutter V.L.; Jones, M.J.; and Ghoneim, A.T.M. (1983): Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 23:483-486.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Valdes, M.V.; Lobbins, P.M.; and Slots, J. (1982): Beta-lactamase Producing Bacteria in the Human Oral Cavity, J Oral Pathol 11:58-63.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Walker, C.B.; Gordon, J.M.; Cornwall, H.A.; Murphy, J.C.; and Socransky, S.S. (1981a): Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Clindamycin Compared with its Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations for Periodontal Bacteria, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 19:867-871.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Walker, C.B.; Gordon, J.M.; McQuilkin, S.J.; Nie-Bloom, T.A.; and Socransky, S.S. (1981b): Tetracycline: Levels Achievable in Subgingival Crevice Fluid and in vitro Effect on Subgingival Organisms. Part II. Susceptibilities of Periodontal Bacteria, J Periodontol 52:613-616.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Walker S.; Middelkamp, J.N.; and Schlaroff, A. (1981c): Mandibular Osteomyelitis Caused by Actinomyces israelii. Oral Surg 51:243-244.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Wilkins, T.D. and Chalgren, S. (1976): Medium for Use in Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 10:926-928.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Williams, B.L.; McCann, G.F.; and Schoenknecht, F.D. (1983): Bacteriology of Dental Abscesses of Endodontic Origin, J Clin Microbiol 18:770-774.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Witebsky, F.G.; Maclowry, J.D.; and French, S.S. (1979): Broth Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations: Rationale for Use of Selected Antimicrobial Concentrations, J Clin Microbiol 9:589-595.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 64, No. 10,
1233-1244 (1985)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345850640101201
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
D. E. Rush, N. Abdel-Haq, J.-F. Zhu, B. Aamar, and M. Malian
Clindamycin Versus Unasyn in the Treatment of Facial Cellulitis of Odontogenic Origin in Children
Clinical Pediatrics,
March 1, 2007;
46(2):
154 - 159.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Weinberg and M. Bral
Tetracycline and Its Analogues: a Therapeutic Paradigm in Periodontal Diseases
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
January 1, 1998;
9(3):
322 - 332.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Golub, N.S. Ramamurthy, T. F. McNamara, R. A. Greenwald, and B. R. Rifkin
Tetracyclines Inhibit Connective Tissue Breakdown: New Therapeutic Implications for an Old Family of Drugs
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine,
January 1, 1991;
2(3):
297 - 321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Cleghorn and G.H. Bowden
The Effect of pH on the Sensitivity of Species of Lactobacillus to Chlorhexidine and the Antibiotics Minocycline and Spiramycin
Journal of Dental Research,
July 1, 1989;
68(7):
1146 - 1150.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.B. Mirth
Controlled-Release Therapeutic Systems: Technology Applicable To the Treatment of Oral Disease
Advances in Dental Research,
December 1, 1987;
1(1):
109 - 118.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.A.C. Van Oosten, F.J.W. Notten, and F.H.M. Mikx
Metronidazole Concentrations in Human Plasma, Saliva, and Gingival Crevice Fluid after a Single Dose
Journal of Dental Research,
December 1, 1986;
65(12):
1420 - 1423.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
