This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Mackert, J.R. Articles by Fairhurst, C.W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mackert, J.R., Jr Articles by Fairhurst, C.W. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB ALUMINUM Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Measurement of Oxide Adherence to PFM Alloys

Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912

E.E. Parry

Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912

D.T. Hashinger

Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912

C.W. Fairhurst

Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912

A method has been reported for evaluating adherence of an oxide to its substrate metal to a maximum value of about 40 MPa. Oxidized alloy plates were cemented between two aluminum cylinders with a high-strength cyanoacrylate cement and loaded in tension until failure occurred either at the oxide/metal interface, within the oxide layer, or in the cement itself. Significant differences were found among the oxide adherence values obtained from different PFM alloys. The oxides formed on five of the alloys exhibited adherence strengths in excess of the published value for cohesive strength of dental opaque porcelain, indicating that they possess sufficient adherence to act as the transition zone between the porcelain and the alloy. In addition, a correspondence was found between the quality of porcelain bond for a given alloy and its oxide adherence strength. These results remove the principal objection to the oxide-layer theory of porcelain bonding in dental alloy systems and emphasize the importance of oxide adherence in the establishment of a bond. It is therefore suggested that future work devoted to porcelain-metal bonding should seek to elucidate the mechanism of oxide adherence to PFM alloys and explore the development of new alloys which form adherent oxides.

REFERENCES

• Anusavice, K.J.; DeHoff, P.H.; and Fairhurst, C.W.( 1980): Comparative Evaluation of Ceramic-Metal Bond Tests Using Finite Element Stress Analysis, J Dent Res 59:608-613.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1977): Bonding Mechanism Evidence in a Ceramic-Nonprecious Alloy System, J Biomed Mater Res 11:701-709.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1979): Identification of Fracture Zones in Porcelain-veneered-to-metal Bond Test Specimens by ESCA Analysis, J Prosthet Dent 42: 417-421.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Birchenall, C.E. (1956): Kinetics of Formation of Porous or Partially Detached Scales, J Electrochem Soc 103:619-624.[CrossRef]
• Caplan, D.; Sproule, G.I.; and Hussey, R.J. (1970): Comparison of Kinetics of High-temperature Oxidation of Fe as Influenced by Metal Purity and Cold Work, Corros Sci 10:9-17.[CrossRef]
• Caputo, A.A.; Dunn, B.; and Reisbick, M.H. (1977): A Flexural Method for Evaluation of Metal-Ceramic Bond Strengths, J Dent Res 56:1501-1506.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• DeHoff, P.H.; Anusavice, K.J.; and Hathcock, P.W. (1982): An Evaluation of the Four-Point Flexural Test for Metal-Ceramic Bond Strength, J Dent Res 61:1066-1069.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Dunnington, B.W.; Beck, F.H.; and Fontana, M.G. (1952): The Mechanism of Scale Formation on Iron at High Temperature, Corrosion 8:2-13.
• Felten, E.J. and Pettit, F.S. (1976): Development, Growth, and Adhesion of A1203 on Platinum-Aluminum Alloys, Oxid Metals 10:189-223.[CrossRef]
• Gibbs, G.B. and Hales, R. (1977): Influence of Metal Lattice Vacancies on the Oxidation of High Temperature Materials. In: Vacancies '76, Proc. Conf. on Point Defect Behavior and Diffusional Processes, Smallman, R.E. and Harris, J.E., Eds., London: The Metals Society, pp. 201-207.
• Giggins, C.S. and Pettit, F.S. (1969): The Effect of Alloy Grain Size and Surface Deformation on the Selective Oxidation of Chromium in Ni-Cr Alloys at Temperatures of 900° and 1100°C, Trans TMS-AIME 245:2509-2514.
• Giggins, C.S. and Pettit, F.S. (1975): Oxide Scale Adherence Mechanisms and the Effects of Yttrium, Oxide Particles and Externally Applied Loads on the Oxidation of NiCrAI and CoCrAl Alloys, Final Technical Report on the Oxide Scale Adherence Mechanisms Program for the Aerospace Res. Lab., WPAFB, Ohio (Contract No. F33615-72-C-1702).
• Howes, V.R. (1968a): Observations of the Metal Oxide Interface for a Fe-Cr Alloy, Corros Sci 8:221-224.[CrossRef]
• Howes, V.R. (1968b): Oxide Growth and Spalling on Fe-Cr Alloys Studied by Hot Stage Microscopy, Corros Sci 8:729-736.[CrossRef]
• Kautz, K. (1936): Further Data on Enamel Adherence, J Am Ceram Soc 19:93-108.[CrossRef]
• King, B.W.; Tripp, H.P.; and Duckworth, W.H. (1959): Nature of Adherence of Porcelain Enamels to Metals, J Am Ceram Soc 42:504-525.[CrossRef]
• Kofstad, P. and Lillerud, K.P. (1980): On High Temperature Oxidation of Chromium. II. Properties of Cr2O3 and the Oxidation Mechanism of Chromium, J Electrochem Soc 127:2410-2419.[CrossRef]
• Lautenschlager, E.P.; Greener, E.H.; and Elkington, W.E. (1969): Microprobe Analyses of Gold-Porcelain Bonding, J Dent Res 48:1206-1210.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Lees, D.G. and Calvert, J.M. (1976): The Use of 180 as a Tracer to Study the Growth Mechanisms of Oxide Scales, Corros Sci 16:767-774.
• Mackert, J.R., Jr. and Lawless, K.R. (1980): Oxide Adherence in Porcelain-Fused-to-Nonprecious Alloy Bonding, IADR Progr & Abst 59:No. 35.
• McLean, J.W. and Sced, I.R. (1973): Bonding of Dental Porcelain to Metal. II. The Base-metal Alloy/porcelain Bond, Trans Br Ceram Soc 72:235-238.
• McLean, J.W. (1974): Letter to the Editor in Readers' Round Table, J Prosthet Dent 31:691-692.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• McLean, J.W. (1978): The Search for Improved Metal Ceramics, Quint Dent Tech 2:51-59.
• Meyer, J.M.; O'Brien, W.J.; and Yu, C.U. (1976): Sintering of Dental Porcelain Enamels, J Dent Res 55:696-699.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Miyagawa, Y. (1978): X-ray Diffraction at the Metal-Ceramic Interface. Part 1. Commercial Gold Alloy-porcelain Interface, Nippon Dent U Annual Pub 12:57-61.
• Owec, S. (1979): The Influence of Oxide Dispersions and Rare-Earth Type Elements on the Oxidation Mechanism of Chromium

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 63, No. 11, 1335-1339 (1984)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630111701


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Adachi, J.R. Mackert Jr, E.E. Parry, and C.W. Fairhurst Oxide Adherence and Porcelain Bonding to Titanium and Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Journal of Dental Research, June 1, 1990; 69(6): 1230 - 1235. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J.R. Mackert Jr, R.D. Ringle, E.E. Parry, A.L. Evans, and C.W. Fairhurst The Relationship Between Oxide Adherence and Porcelain-Metal Bonding Journal of Dental Research, February 1, 1988; 67(2): 474 - 478. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Mackert, J.R. Articles by Fairhurst, C.W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mackert, J.R., Jr Articles by Fairhurst, C.W. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB ALUMINUM Social Bookmarking                         What's this?