|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
The Effect of Dental Amalgam Restorations on Blood Mercury Levels
J.E. Abraham
U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, RD-5, Fort McPherson, Georgia 30030
C.W. Svare
Dows Institute for Dental Research, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
C.W. Frank
EG & G Idaho, Chemical Science, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83145
Mercury levels in blood and in mouth air before and after chewing were measured in 47 persons with ana 14 persons without dental amalgam restorations. Questionnaires relating to exogenous sources of mercury exposure were administered to both groups. Differences in the mouth air mercury levels before and after chewing were statistically significant in the group with amalgams, but not in the group without amalgams. Analysis of the data from the questionnaires indicated that little or no exogenous exposure to mercury occurred among the two groups. Blood mercury concentrations were positively correlated with the number and surface area of amalgam restorations and were significantly lower in the group without dental amalgams.
REFERENCES
- Bhatnagar, R.S.: Molecular Basis of Environmental Toxicity. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science, 1980.
- D'Itri, F.M.: The Environmental Mercury Problem. Cleveland, Ohio: CRC Press, 1972.
- Farant, J.P.; Brissett, D.; Moncion, L.; Bigras, L.; and Chartrand, A.: Improved Cold-vapor Atomic Absorption Technique for the Microdeterminaton of Total and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples, J Anal Toxicol 5:47-51, 1981. Friberg, L. and Waustal, J.: Mercury in the Environment, an Epidemiological and Toxicological Appraisal. Cleveland, Ohio: CRC Press, 1972.
- Frykolm, K.W.: On Mercury from Dental Amalgam. Its Toxic and Allergic Effects and Some Comments on Occupational Hygiene, Acta Odontol Scand 15 (Suppl):1-108, 1957.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Gay, D.D.; Cox, R.D.; and Reinhardt, J.W.: Chewing Releases Mercury from Fillings, Lancet 1:985-986, 1979.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Greenwood, M.R.; Dhahir, P.; and Clarkson, T.W.: Epidemiological Experience with the Magos Reagents in the Determination of Different Forms of Mercury in Biological Samples by Flameless Atomic Absorption, J Anal Toxicol 1:265-269, 1977.
- Hays, W.L.: Statistics for the Social Sciences; 2nd ed., New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1973.
- Hopper, P.L.: Mercury Poisoning in Dentists, Wis Med J 79:35-36, 1980.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hursh, J.B.; Clarkson, T.W.; Cherian, M.G.; Vostal, J.J.; and Vander Malie, R.: Clearance of Mercury Vapor (Hg-197, Hg-203) Inhaled by Human Subjects, Arch Environ Health 31:302-309, 1976.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hursh, J.B.; Greenwood, M.R.; Clarkson, T.W.; Allen, J.; and Demuth, S.: The Effect of Ethanol on the Fate of Mercury Vapor Inhaled by Man, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 214: 520-527, 1980.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Kroncke, A.; Ott, K.; Petschelt, A.; Schaller, K.H.; Szecsi, M.; and Valentin, H.: Uber die Guecksilberkonzentrationen in Blut und Urin von Personen mit und ohne Amalgemfullungen, Dtsch Zahnaerztl Z 35:803-808, 1980.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kudsk, N.F.: The Influence of Ethyl Alcohol on the Absorption of Mercury Vapour from the Lungs in Man, Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 23:263-274, 1965.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kuntz, W.D.; Pitkin, R.M.; Bostrum, A.W.; and Hughes, M.S.: Maternal and Cord Blood Background Mercury Levels: A Longitudinal Surveillance, Am J Obstet Gynecol 143:440-443, 1982.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Magos, L.; Clarkson, T.W.; and Greenwood, M.: The Depression of Pulmonary Retention of Mercury Vapor by Ethanol: Identification of the Site of Action, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 26:180-183, 1973.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Magos, L.; Halback, S.; and Clarkson, T.W.: Role of Catalase in the Oxidation of Mercury Vapor, Pharmacol 27: 1373-1377,1978.
- Ott, K. and Kroncke, A.: Mercury Concentrations in Blood and Urine of Patients With or Without Amalgam Fillings, J Dent Res 60(B):1210, 1981.
- Reinhardt, J.W.; Boyer, D.B.; Svare, C.W.; Frank, C.W.; Cox, R.D.; and Gay, D.D.: Exhaled Mercury Following Removal and Insertion of Amalgam Restorations, J Prosthet Dent 49:652-656,1983.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rupp, N.W. and Paffenbarger, G.C.: Significance to Health of Mercury Used in Dental Practice: A Review, JADA 82:1401-1407, 1971.
- Smith, R.G.: Dose-response Relationship Associated with Known Mercury Absorption at Dose Levels of Inorganic Mercury. In: Environmental Mercury Contamination, Hartung, R. and Din-man, B., Eds., Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1972, pp. 207-222.
- Souder, W. and Sweeney, A.B.: Is Mercury Poisonous in Dental Amalgam Restorations? Dent Cosmos 74:1145, 1931. Svare, C.W.; Peterson, L.C.; Reinhardt, J.W.; Boyer, D.B.; Frank, C.W.; Gay, D.D.; and Cox, R.D.: The Effect of Dental Amalgams on Mercury Levels in Expired Air, J Dent Res 60:1668-1671,1981.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Wigfield, D.C.; Croteau, S.M.; and Perkins, S.L.: Elimination of the Matrix Effect in Cold-vapor Atomic Absorption in Human Hair Samples, J Anal Toxicol 5:52-55, 1981.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 63, No. 1,
71-73 (1984)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630011801
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
B Karahalil, H Rahravi, and N Ertas
Examination of urinary mercury levels in dentists in Turkey
Human and Experimental Toxicology,
August 1, 2005;
24(8):
383 - 388.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. Hujoel, M. Lydon-Rochelle, A. M. Bollen, J. S. Woods, W. Geurtsen, and M. A. del Aguila
Mercury Exposure from Dental Filling Placement during Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight Risk
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
April 15, 2005;
161(8):
734 - 740.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N Bates, J. Fawcett, N. Garrett, T. Cutress, and T. Kjellstrom
Health effects of dental amalgam exposure: a retrospective cohort study
Int. J. Epidemiol.,
August 1, 2004;
33(4):
894 - 902.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Stankovic, V. Lee, M. Kekic, and C. Harper
The Expression and Significance of Metallothioneins in Murine Organs and Tissues Following Mercury Vapour Exposure
Toxicol Pathol,
August 1, 2003;
31(5):
514 - 523.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. DODES
The amalgam controversy: An evidence-based analysis
J Am Dent Assoc,
March 1, 2001;
132(3):
348 - 356.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yanagida, H. Katayose, H. Yazawa, Y. Kimura, K. Konnai, and A. Sato
The usefulness of a piezo-micromanipulator in intracytoplasmic sperm injection in humans
Hum. Reprod.,
February 1, 1999;
14(2):
448 - 453.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kingman, T. Albertini, and L.J. Brown
Mercury Concentrations in Urine and Whole Blood Associated with Amalgam Exposure in a US Military Population
Journal of Dental Research,
March 1, 1998;
77(3):
461 - 471.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Halbach, L. Kremers, H. Willruth, A. Mehl, G. Welzl, F. Wack, R. Hickel, and H. Greim
Compartmental transfer of mercury released from amalgam
Human and Experimental Toxicology,
November 1, 1997;
16(11):
667 - 672.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Sallsten, J. Thoren, L. BarregArd, A. Schutz, and G. Skarping
Long-term Use of Nicotine Chewing Gum and Mercury Exposure from Dental Amalgam Fillings
Journal of Dental Research,
January 1, 1996;
75(1):
594 - 598.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Berdouses, T.K. Vaidyanathan, A. Dastane, C. Weisel, M. Houpt, and Z. Shey
Mercury Release from Dental Amalgams: An in vitro Study Under Controlled Chewing and Brushing in an Artificial Mouth
Journal of Dental Research,
May 1, 1995;
74(5):
1185 - 1193.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Halbach
Combined Estimation of Mercury Species Released from Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research,
April 1, 1995;
74(4):
1103 - 1109.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Olsson, A. Berglund, and M. Bergman
Release of Elements due to Electrochemical Corrosion of Dental Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research,
January 1, 1994;
73(1):
33 - 43.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Halbach
Amalgam Tooth Fillings and Man's Mercury Burden
Human and Experimental Toxicology,
January 1, 1994;
13(7):
496 - 501.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.A. Lyttle and G.H. Bowden
The Level of Mercury in Human Dental Plaque and Interaction in vitro between Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Dental Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research,
September 1, 1993;
72(9):
1320 - 1324.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Clarkson
Principles of Risk Assessment
Advances in Dental Research,
September 1, 1992;
6(1):
22 - 27.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Olsson and M. Bergman
Daily Dose Calculations from Measurements of Intra-oral Mercury Vapor
Journal of Dental Research,
February 1, 1992;
71(2):
414 - 423.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Berglund
Estimation by a 24-hour Study of the Daily Dose of Intra-oral Mercury Vapor Inhaled after Release from Dental Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research,
October 1, 1990;
69(10):
1646 - 1651.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Marek
The Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam: The Mechanism and in vitro Testing
Journal of Dental Research,
May 1, 1990;
69(5):
1167 - 1174.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.R. Snapp, D.B. Boyer, L.C. Peterson, and C.W. Svare
The Contribution of Dental Amalgam to Mercury in Blood
Journal of Dental Research,
May 1, 1989;
68(5):
780 - 785.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.R. Mackert Jr
Factors Affecting Estimation of Dental Amalgam Mercury Exposure from Measurements of Mercury Vapor Levels in Intra-oral and Expired Air
Journal of Dental Research,
December 1, 1987;
66(12):
1775 - 1780.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.L. Olstad, R.I. Holland, N. Wandel, and A. Hensten Pettersen
Correlation between Amalgam Restorations and Mercury Concentrations in Urine
Journal of Dental Research,
June 1, 1987;
66(6):
1179 - 1182.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.J. Vimy, A.J. Luft, and F.L. Lorscheider
Estimation of Mercury Body Burden from Dental Amalgam: Computer Simulation of a Metabolic Compartmental Model
Journal of Dental Research,
December 1, 1986;
65(12):
1415 - 1419.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.J. Vimy and F.L. Lorscheider
Serial Measurements of Intra-oral Air Mercury: Estimation of Daily Dose from Dental Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research,
August 1, 1985;
64(8):
1072 - 1075.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
