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Journal of Dental Research
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Distribution of Enamel Defects and the Association with Respiratory Distress in Very Low Birthweight Infants

D. Johnsen

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

C. Krejci

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry

M. Hack

Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

A. Fanaroff

Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Although dental defects have long been observed among surviving pre-term infants, only few systematic studies address this problem. In a clinic limited to recall of infants of very low birthweight (<1.5 kg), enamel hypoplasia of primary incisors was found in 14/67 (21%) children, and enamel opacities were found in an additional 31% of the children. In contrast, enamel hypoplasia and opacities were found in 4% and 22%, respectively, of a control group of 46 normal birthweight children. The difference was significant (p < 0.05) for the hypoplasia but not for the opacities. Primary incisor enamel hypoplasia was more commonly noted in maxillary central incisors than in lateral incisors (X2 = 28.0, p < 0.01). Furthermore, hypoplasia was more common in maxillary incisors than in mandibular incisors (X2 = 48.4, p < 0.01).

In infants with dental defects, there was no significant correlation with pregnancy risk factors, gestational age, birth weight, septicemia, first-week caloric intake, serum bilirubin, or calcium. Infants with enamel hypoplasia were more likely, however, to have severe respiratory distress syndrome (X2 = 7.2, p < 0.01), than infants with unaltered enamel.

Central incisor edge involvement may indicate post-natal processes and/or a systemic disturbance extending back to the middle trimester of pregnancy.

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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 63, No. 1, 59-64 (1984)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630011401
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