Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here to sign up for SAGE Journal Email Alerts today!

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Dental Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Grenier, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Eveland, W.C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Grenier, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Eveland, W.C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Microcapsules on Streptococcus mutans Serotypes by Electron Microscopy

Ella M. Grenier

The Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

R.H. Gray

The Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

W.J. Loesche

The Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

W.C. Eveland

The Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

Extracellular microcapsules have been demonstrated on cells of most serotypes of Streptococcus mutans by electron microscopy, using bacterial strains of the various serotypes and peroxidase labeled or unlabeled immune serum. A correlation was noted between the amount of capsular substance on the strains of S mutans examined and degree of antigenicity as expressed by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) title. A serotype d strain was shown to lose both antigenicity as determined by the FA reaction and capsular material as seen by electron microscopy with repeated in vitro passage. When 10% unheated rabbit serum was added to the medium, antigenicity and capsular material were restored.

REFERENCES

  • Bratthall, D.: Demonstration of Five Serological Groups of Streptococcal Strain Resembling Streptococcus mutans. Odont Revy 21:143-152, 1970.
  • Grenier, E.M.; Eveland, W.C.; and Loesche, W.J.: Identification of Streptococcus mutans, Serotypes in Dental Plaque by Fluorescent Antibody Techniques. Arch Oral Biol 18:707-715, 1973.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Zinner, D.D., and Jablon, J.M.: Human streptococcal strains in experimental caries, in Harris, R.S., (ed): The Art and Science of Dental Caries Research, New York, Academic Press, 1968, pp. 87-109.
  • Bratthall, D.: Immunofluorescent Identification of Streptococcus mutans. Odont Revy 23:181-196, 1972.
  • Hebert, G.A.; Pittman, B.; McKinney, R.M. and Cherry, W.B.: The Preparation and Characterization of Fluorescent Antibody Reagents. P.H.S Manual. U.S. Dept. of HEW, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, 1972.
  • Pittman, B.; Hebert, G.A.; Harris, P.P.; McKinney, R.M.; Thacker, L.; and Cherry, W.B.: Preparation and Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody Reagents for Streptococcus mutans. ASM Preprinted Abstracts. 74th Annual Meeting. Abstract M134, 1974.
  • Fitzgerald, R.J., and Keyes, P.H.: Demonstration of the Etiologic Role of Streptococci in Experimental Caries in the Hamster. JADA 61:9-19, 1960.
  • Zinner, D.D.; Jablon, J.M.; Aran, A.P.; and Saslaw, M.S.: Experimental Caries Induced in Animals by Streptococci of Human Origin. Proc Soc Expl Biol Med 118:766-770, 1965.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fitzgerald R.J.; Jordan, H.V.; and Stan-Ley, H.R.: Experimental Caries and Gingival Pathologic Changes in the Gnotobiotic Rat. J Dent Res 39:923-935, 1960.[Free Full Text]
  • Gibbons, R.J., and Fitzgerald, R.J.: Dextran-Induced Agglutination of Streptococcus mutans, and Its Potential Role in the Formation of Microbial Dental Plaque. J Bacteriol 98:341-346, 1969.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Krasse, B.: Human Streptococci and Experimental Caries in Hamsters. Arch Oral Biol 11:429-436, 1966.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Carlsson, J.; Söderholm, G.; and Alm-Feldt, I.: Prevalence of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in the Mouth of Persons Wearing Full Dentures. Arch Oral Biol 14: 243-249, 1969.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fitzgerald, R.J.; Keyes, P.H.; Stoudt, T.H.; and Spinell, D.M.: The Effects of a Dextranase Preparation on Plaque and Caries in Hamsters, a Preliminary Report. JADA 76:301-304, 1968.
  • Gibbons, R.J.; Berman, K.S.; Knoettner, R.; and Kapsimalis, B.: Dental Caries and Alveolar Bone Loss in Gnotobiotic Rats Infected with Capsule Forming Streptococci of Human Origin. Arch Oral Biol 11:549-560, 1966.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Edwardsson, S.: Characteristics of Caries-Inducing Human Streptococci Resembling Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 13: 637-646, 1968.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Shklair, I., and Keene, H.: A Biochemical Scheme for the Separation of the Five Varieties of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 19:1079-1081, 1974.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Coykendall, A.L.: Four types of Streptococcus mutans Based on their Genetic Antigenic and Biochemical Characteristics. J Gen Microbiol 83:327-338, 1974.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wells, A.F.; Miller, C.F.; and Nadel, M.D.: Rapid Fluorescein and Protein Assay Method for Fluorescent-Antibody Conjugates. Appl Microbiol 14(2): 271-275, 1966.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Goldman, M.: Fluorescent Antibody Methods, New York, Academic Press, 1968, p. 126.
  • Petts, V., and Roitt, I.M.: Peroxidase Conjugates for Demonstration of Tissue Antibodies: Evaluation of the Technique. Clin Expl Immunol 9:407-418, 1971.
  • Gornall, A.G.; Bardawill, C.J.; and Davis, M.M.: Determination of Serum Proteins by Means of the Biuret Reaction. J Biol Chem 177:751-766,, 1949.[Free Full Text]
  • Avrameas, S.: Coupling of Enzymes to Proteins with Glutaraldehyde. Immunochemistry 6:43-52, 1959.[CrossRef]
  • Frasca, J.M., and Parks, V.R.: A Routine Technique for Double Staining Ultrathin Sections Using Uranyl and Lead Salts. J Cell Biol 25:157-161, 1965.[Free Full Text]
  • Reynolds, E.S.: The Use of Lead Citrate of High pH as an Electron Opaque Stain in Electron Microscopy. J Cell Biol 17:208-212, 1963.[Free Full Text]
  • Myrvik, O.N.; Leake, E.A.; and Fariss, B.: Studies on Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages from the Normal Rabbit: A Technique to Procure Them in a High State of Purity. J Immunol 86:128-136, 1961.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Merchant, D.J.; Kahn, R.H.; and Murphy, W.H.; JR.: Handbook of Cell and Organ Culture. 2nd. Ed. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minn., 1969.
  • Wilkinson, J.F.: The Extracellular Polysaccharides of Bacteria. Bacteriol Revs 22: 46-73, 1958.
  • Griffin, M.: Fluorescent Antibody Techniques in the Identification of the Gram-Negative Nonspore-Forming Anaerobes. Health Lab Science 7: 78-83, 1975.
  • Hanson, A.W., and Cannefax, G.R.: Rehydration of Lyophilized Spirochaetal Cultures. J Bacteriol 88: 811, 1964.[Free Full Text]
  • Lehner, T.; Cardwell, T.; and Clarry, E.: Immunoglobulins in Saliva and Serum in Dental Caries. The Lancet 1294-1297, 1967.
  • Weinstein, E., and Mandel, I.D.: The Fluid of the Gingival Sulcus. Periodontics 2: 149-153, 1964.
  • Lai, C.; Listgarten, M.: and ROSAN, B.: Serology of Streptococcus sanguis: Localization of Antigens with Unlabeled Antisera. Infect Immunity 8:475-481, 1973.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Rosan; B.; Lai, C.H.; and Listgarten, M.A.: Streptococcus sanguis: A Model in the Application of Immunochemical Analysis for the Localization of Bacteria in Dental Plaque. J Dent Res (In Press), 1976.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 56, No. 2, 166-176 (1977)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345770560021101
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Grenier, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Eveland, W.C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Grenier, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Eveland, W.C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?