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Figure 2. Roles of LPS, peptidoglycan, β-glucan, and water-soluble ${alpha}$ -glucans in the activation of peritoneal exudate macrophages by water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans. (A) 10 pg/mL of LPS, 2.5 ng/mL of type III peptidoglycan, 25 pg/mL of β-1,3-glucan, 30 µg/mL of water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans with 10 pg/mL of LPS, 30 µg/mL of water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans with 2.5 ng/mL of type III peptidoglycan, 30 µg/mL of water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans with 25 pg/mL of β-1,3-glucan, or 30 and 100 µg/mL of water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans was added to 5 x 10⁵ cells of peritoneal exudates macrophages for 24 hrs. WIG, water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans; PGN, peptidoglycan. (B) J774.1 cells (10⁵ cells/mL of complete RPMI 1640 medium) or peritoneal exudate macrophages (5 x 10⁵ cells/mL of complete RPMI 1640 medium) were stimulated with water-insoluble ${alpha}$ -glucans (WIG; ${blacksquare}$ ), water-soluble ${alpha}$ -glucans from S. sobrinus (WSG; ${triangledown}$ ), dextran T-2000 (Dextran; ${blacktriangleup}$ ), or sucrose ( ${triangleup}$ ) at the indicated concentrations for 24 hrs, after which the production of TNF- ${alpha}$ was assessed by means of a cytokine ELISA kit. Results represent the means ± SE from 9 wells (3 experiments performed in triplicate). *p < 0.01, compared with cells stimulated with WIG; **p < 0.01, compared with sucrose-stimulated cells. ND; not detectable (less than 78 pg/mL).

J DENT RES, Vol. 86, No. 3, 242-248 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600309

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