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Figure 4. Results of nano-scratch tests performed on the day 24 mineralized tissue specimens. (A) An optical micrograph of the scratch performed on the machined titanium with no enzyme treatment. Bar is 50 µm. (B,C) Serial SEM images depicting a scratch path near a determined point of delamination (black line in panel C), which was performed on the non-enzyme-treated machined titanium. Tissue peeling away from the substrate is vividly observed (white arrowheads in panel C). Bar is 10 µm. EDS elemental analyses immediately before (D for spot d in panel B) and after (E for spot e in panel C) the point of delamination. (F,G,H) Serial SEM images depicting a scratch path near a point of delamination (black line in panel C), which was performed on the non-enzyme-treated acid-etched titanium. Tissue peeling away from the substrate can be seen (white arrowheads in panel H). Bar is 10 µm. EDS elemental analyses immediately before (I for spot i in panel H) and after (J for spot j in panel H) the determined point of delamination. (K) Critical load values of the tissue cultured on either polystyrene, machined titanium, or acid-etched titanium, with or without a glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme (either of ChAC [chondroitinase AC], ChB [chondroitinase B], He [heparinase], or Ke [keratanase]). Control tissue was not treated with enzyme. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 9).
J DENT RES, Vol. 86, No. 2,
147-152 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600208
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