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Induced Premaxillary Suture Fusion: Class III Malocclusion Model

¹ Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China;
² Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA; and
³ Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA

View larger version (128K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Incision site prepared along the left premaxillary suture of every rat to expose the underlying premaxillary suture. (A) First snout ridge. (B) Incision location. (C) Left first molar. (D) Buccal mucosa. (E) Upper incisors. (F) Lower incisors.

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Landmarks for the measurement of post-operative craniofacial length alterations based on radiograph and dental impressions (arrow marker = 10 mm, rule gradations = 1 mm): Po, the most posterior and superior point on the skull; N, the most superior point on the nasofrontal suture; A, the most anterior point on the nasal bone; E, the intersection of the frontal bone and the most supero-anterior point of the posterior limit of the ethmoid bone; Ba, the most posterior and inferior point on the occipital condyle; S, the most inferior point on the intersphenoidal synchondrosis; Pm, the most inferior point on the PMS; Bu, the point on the premaxilla between the alveolar bone and the lingual surface of the upper incisors; Mu, the point on the intersection between the maxillary bone and the mesial surface of the upper first molar; Iu, the incisal edge of the upper incisors; Co, the most superoposterior point of the condylar process; Gn, the most inferior point on the angular process of the mandible; and Bl, the point on the mandible between the alveolar bone and the lingual surface of the lower incisors. P1 & P2, the most anterior and medial points within the temporal fossae that produce the most narrow palatal width; Z1 & Z2, the points on the lateral portion of the zygomatic arch that produce the widest width; C1 & C2, the points on the cranium that produce the widest cranial width; and Pm1 & Pm2, the most lateral points on the premaxilla that produce the widest width. FMp1 & FMp2, the mesial palatal cusps of the upper first molars; SMp1 & SMp2, the mesial palatal cusps of the upper second molars; and Ici, the middle point of the labial side of the upper incisors.

View larger version (60K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Landmarks for lateral film showing post-operative craniofacial angulation alterations based on the measurement of the radiograph and dental impressions. (A) The landmark definitions are the same as used for lateral film in Fig. 2, except Iur, the most posterior and superior point on the root of the upper incisors. (B) Impression landmarks. MR1, the middle point of the first palatine ridge; MR2, the middle point of the fourth palatine ridge; Ici, the middle point of the labial side of the upper incisors; 1, angle from the line of Iu-Iur and S-E; 2, angle from the line of Pm-Bu and S-E; 3, angle from Mu-Bu and S-E; 4, angle from the line of S-Ba and S-E; and 5, angle from the line of MR1-MR2 and MR2-Ici.

View larger version (126K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Morphological changes from the gross to the cellular level. (A) Prone view of the experimental rat shows the snout shortened and deviated to the treated side and twisted around the sagittal axis (arrow) after immobilization of the left premaxillary suture at 8 wks. Bar, 10 mm. (B) No snout deviation for the control rat. Bar, 10 mm. (C) Strong positive dentin matrix protein-1 staining for newly formed bone bridge and mature bone for the experimental groups at the 8th wk (arrow). Bar, 50 µm. (D) Positive dentin matrix protein-1 staining was seen only in the mature bone at the 8th wk for the sham rats (arrow). Bar, 50 µm.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 9, 856-860 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700901


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