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Tail Regeneration in Xenopus laevis as a Model for Understanding Tissue Repair

Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Forsyth Institute, and Developmental Biology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA

View larger version (86K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Example of Xenopus tail regeneration. (A) A schematic of the tail tip amputated in the tadpole. (B) A tadpole at 7 days of development. (C) A tadpole that has regenerated its tail (green arrow); several time-points during regeneration are shown in C’ (24 hpa), C’’ (48 hpa), and C’’’ (96 hpa). Blue stain in panel C" indicates new tissue produced in the core of the tail regenerate. (D) A tadpole at 7 days that was treated with a V-ATPase inhibitor. The wound healed, but the tail did not regenerate (red arrowhead; purple line shows plane of amputation).

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. A schematic of functional modules in tail regeneration. Injury triggers an immediate early response via still-unknown mechanisms. The early response includes the generation of a wound epithelium and rapid protein-level events. Next follows a set of physiological responses, including up-regulation of specific ion transporters (and the resulting bioelectric events) and programmed cell death of a specific cell group. Downstream lies a cascade of gene expression changes, resulting in the secretion of factors that modulate subsequent cell behaviors, such as mitotic rates and migration. The process completes when the system determines (via an unknown mechanism) that it has caught up to the correct tail size.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 9, 806-816 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700909


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