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MMP-3 Response to Compressive Forces in vitro and in vivo
H.-H. Chang1,2,
C.-B. Wu3,
Y.-J. Chen1,2,
C.-Y. Weng1,
W.-P. Wong1,2,
Y.-J. Chen1,2,
B.-E. Chang4,
M.-H. Chen1,2 and
C.-C.J. Yao1,2,4,*
1 School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;
2 Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan;
3 Department of Orthodontics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University; and
4 Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Figure 1. RT-PCR analysis of 4 differentially expressed genes between the compression and control groups. Gene-specific primer pairs were designed for 4 genes [cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and membrane-bound interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (mIL-1RAcP)], as described in "MATERIALS & METHODS". Their PCR products were resolved on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide, and the bands were quantitated by densitometric analysis. The relative ratios of the transcript level were normalized to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) standard. (A) A representative electrophoresis gel with ethidium bromide staining is shown. C, compression group; N, normal control group. (B) Quantification of gene transcript levels was normalized by the use of GAPDH as standards. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from 3 independent replicates.
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Figure 2. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 protein increased by compressive forces. (A) MG63 cells were exposed to a compressive force for 1 day, and then whole-cell lysate from cells was subjected to Western blot analysis with an antibody against MMP-3. Compared with the control group, the intensity of MMP-3 was greater in the compression group. (B) Culture medium was collected after 24 hrs, with or without compressive force stimulation, and incubated with heparin Sepharose beads to enrich MMP binding. The bound proteins were loaded and detected with an antibody to MMP-3. The 57- and 47-kDa bands correspond to the latent and active forms, respectively.
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Figure 3. (AQ) Increased level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 during orthodontic tooth movement. (A) A partial fixed orthodontic appliance was put in place to push the impacted third molar for various time periods before extraction. The bone covering the impacted tooth was then removed and collected for further analysis. Immunolocalization of MMP-3 in samples of the no-force control group (B) and of experimental groups with 3 (C) and 7 days (D) of compression. Soft tissue around the alveolar bone—including periodontal ligament, marrow, and blood vessels—was immunoreactive. The bony edge showed significant staining (arrows). Representative Figs. are shown, and specific staining at the bony edge was with 2x magnification for a more detailed view. Scale in (B) = 100 µm; same magnification for (C) and (D).
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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 7,
692-696 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700714
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