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Synergism between TLRs and NOD1/2 in Oral Epithelial Cells

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Synergistic effects of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists in combination with synthetic TLR agonists for induction of PGRP-I in oral epithelial cells. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells were stimulated with FK156 (100 µg/mL) or muramyldipeptide (MDP) (100 µg/mL) plus FSL-1 (1 nM), Poly I:C (10 µg/mL), lipid A (10 ng/mL), Poly U (10 µg/mL), or CpG DNA (10 nM) for 24 hrs in triplicate. The expression of PGRP-I was assessed by flow cytometry. The unshaded curve represents medium alone. The results presented are representative of 3 different experiments.

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Synergistic effects of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists in combination with synthetic TLR agonists for induction of β-defensin 2 secretion in oral epithelial cells. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells (a) and primary gingival epithelial cells (b) were stimulated with FK156 (100 µg/mL) or muramyldipeptide (MDP) (100 µg/mL) plus FSL-1 (1 nM), Poly I:C (10 µg/mL), lipid A (10 ng/mL), Poly U (10 µg/mL), or CpG DNA (10 nM) for 24 hrs in triplicate. Concentrations of β-defensin 2 in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA, and expressed as means ± SD. *,#Marked values differed significantly from those obtained with medium alone or from respective cultures stimulated with the indicated ligands, respectively. The results presented are representative of 3 different experiments.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Stimulation with NOD1 and NOD2 agonists in combination with synthetic TLR agonists did not induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oral epithelial cells. Oral epithelial cells were stimulated with FK156 (100 µg/mL) or muramyldipeptide (MDP) (100 µg/mL) plus FSL-1 (1 nM), Poly I:C (10 µg/mL), lipid A (10 ng/mL), Poly U (10 µg/mL), or CpG DNA (10 nM) for 24 hrs in triplicate. IL-1 (10 ng/mL) and TNF- (10 ng/mL) were used as positive controls. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA, and expressed as means ± SD. *P < 0.01 vs. medium alone. The results presented are representative of 4 different experiments.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Specific suppression of synergistic effects of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists in combination with TLR ligands in oral epithelial cells with siRNA for NF-B p65. Oral epithelial cells were transfected with NF-B- or Lamin-specific siRNA. After 24 hrs, the transfected cells were stimulated with FK156 (100 µg/mL) or muramyldipeptide (MDP) (100 µg/mL) plus FSL-1 (1 nM), Poly I:C (10 µg/mL), lipid A (10 ng/mL), Poly U (1 µg/mL), or CpG DNA (1 µM) for an additional 24 hrs in triplicate. Concentrations of β-defensin 2 in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA, and expressed as means ± SD. *,#Marked values differed significantly from those obtained with medium alone or from respective cultures stimulated with the indicated ligands, respectively. The results presented are representative of 3 different experiments.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 7, 682-686 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700709


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