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Cortical Representation Area of Human Dental Pulp
K. Kubo1,*,
Y. Shibukawa2,
M. Shintani,
T. Suzuki2,
T. Ichinohe1 and
Y. Kaneko1
1 Department of Dental Anesthesiology and
2 Department of Physiology, Oral Health Science Center, Laboratory of Brain Research, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 261-8502, Japan;
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Figure 1. Photograph showing dental pulp electrical stimulation of intact maxillary first premolar on the right side with a pair of silver electrodes and a rubber dam. The rubber dam was fixed with a non-metal frame and dental floss instead of a clamp, since metal is unsuitable for magnetoencephalographic studies, because it creates huge magnetic artifacts that contaminate the neuromagnetic sensors. The right first premolar was stimulated, since it is located well away from the midline.
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Figure 2. Magnetic waveforms during dental pulp stimulation. (A) Whole-scalp magnetic responses. Traces were plotted on the ’flattened’ head as viewed from above, with the nose pointed upward. Upper and lower traces of each pair represent latitudinal and longitudinal derivatives of radial magnetic fields. Each trace starts 15 ms preceding stimulation of tooth pulp and terminates 300 ms after. (B) Enlarged traces of magnetic signals from parietotemporal region in left (channel 1; contralateral) and right (channel 2; ipsilateral) hemispheres during electrical stimulation of dental pulp in vital (upper traces) and devitalized (lower traces) teeth. These traces in channels 1 and 2 were obtained from two selected channels in A (circles in A). Nomenclature is provided for 2 successive peak signal components: "early" and "late" (dashed lines). In enlarged traces, the analysis period was set to 315 ms, from 15 ms preceding to 300 ms following the onset of stimulation of tooth pulp. Vertical lines show the onset of stimulation, while horizontal lines show baseline. (C) Typical example of isocontour map (upper left) of dental-pulp-evoked magnetic responses was obtained from the same person as in A, showing a contralateral early response with a dipolar magnetic field pattern in the left hemisphere. In this Fig., isocontour maps are drawn at 10 fT steps; red and blue lines indicate outgoing and ingoing fluxes, respectively. Magnetic resonance images show locations of equivalent current dipoles producing contralateral cortical distribution at 1 M after stimulation of tooth pulp. Blue circle shows equivalent current dipole on magnetic resonance images; blue bar attached to circle indicates size and direction of equivalent current dipole (end of bar attached to circle represents positive pole).
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Figure 3. Averaged equivalent current dipole positions following dental pulp electrical stimulation and their differences between dental pulp and median nerve stimulation. (A) Comparison of three-dimensional equivalent current dipole locations for each X-, Y-, and Z-axis between dental pulp (filled circles) and median nerve stimulation (open circles). (B) Relative distances on X-, Y-, and Z-axes to equivalent current dipoles of early components for median nerve from those for dental pulp stimulation. Statistically significant differences are labeled with asterisks (P < 0.05). ECD: equivalent current dipole.
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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 4,
358-362 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700409
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