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Effects of Ultrasound Modes on Mandibular Osteodistraction
T.H. El-Bialy1,*,
R.F. Elgazzar2,
E.E. Megahed3 and
T.J. Royston4
1 Orthodontics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Dentistry/ Pharmacy Centre, Room 4051, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2N8, formerly Lecturer of Orthodontics, Tanta University, Egypt;
2 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Canada, and Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt;
3 Oral Pathology, Tanta University, Egypt; and
4 Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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Figure 1. Histological examination for all groups at the end of each week (hematoxylin & eosin x 100). Scale = 100 µm. (A) Ultrasound device used. (B) Pulsed ultrasound during application to the rabbits’ mandibles. (C) (PULSED W1) Photomicrograph of PULSED 1 wk after distraction, revealing the junction between the old bone and the newly formed bone. Osteoblasts are clearly seen in the bone marrow rimming the bone trabeculae. (D) (CONTINUOUS W1) Photomicrograph of CONTINUOUS 1 wk after distraction, showing that the bone trabeculae is bigger than in the other groups. Osteoblasts are clearly evident rimming the bone trabeculae in the PULSED group, but are not detected in the CONTINUOUS group. (E) (CONTROL W1) Photomicrograph of the distraction group 1 wk after distraction, showing weak junction between the old bone and the newly formed bone. (F) (PULSED W2) Photomicrograph of PULSED at week 2, showing a greater number of bone trabeculae than in the other groups, and also abundant numbers of osteoblast cells rimming the bone trabeculae, while osteoblast cells were not evident in the other groups. (G) (CONTINUOUS W2) Photomicrograph of CONTINUOUS at week 2 showing the newly formed bone undergoing remodeling, ranging from woven at the center of the distracted area to well-organized lamellar bone at the periphery of the distracted area. The bone marrow is filled by fat cells. (H) (CONTROL W2) Photomicrograph of the distraction group, 2 wks after distraction, showing less ossification than in the other groups. (I) (PULSED W3) Photomicrograph of PULSED, at week 3, demonstrating newly formed bone trabeculae rimmed by osteoblast cells. (J) (CONTINUOUS W3) Photomicrograph of CONTINUOUS at week 3, demonstrating the center of the distraction zone filled with fibrous tissue. (K) (CONTROL W3) Photomicrograph of the distraction group at week 3, showing the junction of the newly formed bone trabeculae with the old bone. (L) (PULSED W4) Photomicrograph of PULSED at 4 wks, showing the great amount of immature bone trabeculae at the distracted zone and bone trabeculae rimmed by osteoblast cells. The bone marrow is delicate in nature and highly vascular. (M) (CONTINUOUS W4) Photomicrograph of CONTINUOUS at 4 wks, showing the center of the distraction zone filled by a dense bundle of collagen fibers (Masson’s trichrome x 40). (N) (CONTROL W4) Photomicrograph of the distraction group at 4 wks.
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Figure 2. Graphic representation of comparison of different variables between and among groups. N = 3 in each subgroup. (A) The mean and standard deviation of the QBD normalized (percentage of the QBD of the distraction site to that of normal bone) for all groups over the four-week period. (B) Mean ± standard deviation of the mechanical stiffness for all groups over the four-week period. (C) The mean ± standard deviation of the percentage of the bone volume/tissue volume % (BV/ TV) representing the amount of bone formation for all groups over the four-week period.
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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 10,
953-957 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808701018
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