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Journal of Dental Research
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*Head and Neck Cancer
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Orofacial Pain in Cancer: Part II—Clinical Perspectives and Management

J.B. Epstein1,*, S. Elad2, E. Eliav3, R. Jurevic1 and R. Benoliel2

1 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, MC-838, College of Dentistry, 801 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
2 Department of Oral Medicine, the Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel; and
3 Universities of Medicine and Dentistry at New Jersey, New Jersey Dental School, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA


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  		Figure. The World Health Organization (WHO) Pain Ladder is used to assess the level of pain experienced by each patient. If pain occurs, there should be prompt oral administration of drugs in the following order: non-opioids; then, as necessary, mild opioids (codeine); then strong opioids, such as morphine, until the patient is free of pain. To calm fears and anxiety, additional drugs–"adjuvants"–should be used.

 

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 86, No. 6, 506-518 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600605
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