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Effects of COX-2 Inhibitor in Temporomandibular Joint Acute Inflammation

Department of Psychobiology–Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino-SP-04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. (A) Effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on sleep efficiency in the acute inflammatory model induced by Freund’s adjuvant application to the TMJ on 2 light periods of recording. Each set of columns represents an experimental group. (B) Effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on sleep parameters in the acute inflammatory model induced by Freund’s adjuvant application in the TMJ on 2 light periods of recording. SHAM group: injected with saline. FA group: injected with Freund’s adjuvant. Saline (SHAM/COX2i) and Freund’s adjuvant (FA/COX2i) injected into the TMJ treated with etoricoxib (COX-2i, 90 mg/kg, p.o.). W1, wake day 1; W2, wake day 2; nREM1, non-REM sleep day 1; nREM2, non-REM sleep day 2; REM1, rapid eye movement sleep day 1; REM2, rapid eye movement sleep day 2. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Differ from SHAM group (p < 0.05). #Differ from Freund’s adjuvant group (p < 0.01). ¥Differ from SHAM/COX2i group (p < 0.05). Differ from first day of SHAM/COX2i group (p < 0.01). N = 8/group.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on sleep latency (A) and REM sleep latency (B) in the acute inflammatory model induced by Freund’s adjuvant application in the TMJ on 2 light periods of recording. SHAM group: injected with saline. FA group: injected with Freund’s adjuvant. Saline (SHAM/COX2i) and Freund’s adjuvant (FA/COX2i) injected into the TMJ treated with etoricoxib (COX-2i, 90 mg/kg, p.o.). The values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Differ from the SHAM group (p < 0.001). Differ from first day of SHAM/COX2i group (p < 0.01). Differ from first day of the FA/COX2i group (p < 0.05). N = 8/group.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on arousals in the acute inflammatory model induced by Freund’s adjuvant application in the TMJ on 2 light periods of recording. SHAM group: injected with saline. FA group: injected with Freund’s adjuvant. Saline (SHAM/COX2i) and Freund’s adjuvant (FA/COX2i) injected into the TMJ treated with etoricoxib (COX-2i, 90 mg/kg, p.o.). The values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Differ from SHAM group (p < 0.05). #Differ from Freund’s adjuvant group (p < 0.05). N = 8/group.

View larger version (36K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Representative 12-hour light period hypnogram on the first day for a SHAM (A), Freund’s adjuvant (FA) (B), SHAM/COX2i (C), and FA/COX2i (D) rats. Values were recorded at 30-second intervals in each stage. ’W’ represents a period of wakefulness; nREM, non-REM sleep; and REM, REM sleep. Note the marked fragmentation and reduced long sleep period in orofacial pain, and marked alterations after the treatment with etoricoxib.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 86, No. 5, 475-479 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600516


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