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Caries-related Bacteria and Cytokines Induce CXCL10 in Dental Pulp

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Expression of CXCL10 mRNA in human dental pulp tissues. CXCL10 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in 8 of 9 inflamed dental pulp samples, and in 3 of 4 healthy dental pulp samples. The level of CXCL10 compared with that of GAPDH in the inflamed pulp group was significantly higher than that in the normal pulp group.

View larger version (134K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Immunolocalization of CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, in inflamed dental pulp tissues. (A) CXCL10-positive cells were stained brown. (B) Section double-stained with anti-CXCL10 and anti-CD68/macrophage. Black arrows indicate CXCL10-positive macrophages (brown and pink). White arrows indicate CXCL10-positive fibroblastic cells (brown), and arrowhead indicates CXCL10-positive endothelial cells (brown). (C) Higher magnification of (B). Black arrows indicate CXCL10-expressing macrophages (brown and pink), and the white arrow indicates CXCL10-expressing fibroblastic cells (brown). (D) Arrows indicate CXCR3-positive cells (brown). (E) Arrows indicate T-cells (pink). (F) Section double-stained with anti-CXCR3 and anti-T-cells. Most T-cells were CXCR3-positive (black arrows; brown and pink). Only a few T-cells were CXCR3-negative (white arrows; pink). Bars: 50 µm.

View larger version (37K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Induction of CXCL10 production in cultured human dental pulp fibroblasts upon stimulation with bacteria. (A,B) Human dental pulp fibroblasts (5 x 104 cells/well) were incubated with live or heat-killed S. mutans (A), and live or heat-killed L. plantarum (B) (bacteria/fibroblasts = 0, 10, 100). After 12 or 24 hrs, cell culture supernatants were collected, and secreted CXCL10 levels were determined by ELISA. Total RNA from fibroblasts was also extracted, and CXCL10 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. (C) Human dental pulp fibroblasts (5 x 104 cells/well) were stimulated with various concentrations of PGN for 4, 12, and 24 hrs. CXCL10 levels in the cell culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean + SD of triplicate cultures from 1 representative of 3 independent experiments with similar results. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with control (medium alone for the respective incubation time).

View larger version (74K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Effects of cytokines on CXCL10 expression in cultured human dental pulp fibroblasts. Human dental pulp fibroblasts (5 x 104 cells/well) were incubated with various concentrations of TNF- (A), IL-1β (B), and IFN- (C) for the indicated times. CXCL10 levels in the cell culture supernatants were determined by ELISA, and CXCL10 mRNA expression was also analyzed by RT-PCR. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate cultures from 1 representative of 3 independent experiments with similar results. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with control (medium alone for the respective incubation time).

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 86, No. 12, 1217-1222 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601215


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