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In vivo and in vitro Permeability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives

¹ Department of Dental Science, University of Bologna, Italy;
² Department of Anatomical Science, University of Bologna, Italy;
³ Department of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’, University of Siena, Italy;
⁴ Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China;
⁵ College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China;
⁶ Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; and
⁷ Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA;

View larger version (149K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. SEM micrographs of epoxy resin replicas of crown preparations of vital human teeth after being bonded with one-step self-etch adhesives Adper Prompt (A-B) and Xeno III (C-D). (A) A low-magnification view of the surface of the adhesive-coated dentin after being sealed with 2 coats of Adper Prompt according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The bulk of the dentin surface is covered with adhesive (A), and there are only small areas in which exposed dentinal tubules are observed (open arrowheads). Transudation of dentinal fluid is not evident from the exposed dentinal tubules. However, in areas coated with the adhesive, swelling of the adhesive can be observed (pointer), with transudation of dentinal fluid droplets from the adhesive surface. (B) Pooling of multiple droplets resulted in the appearance of large water bundles (asterisks) over the adhesive surface. Small discrete dentinal fluid droplets can also be found (arrow). (C) A low-magnification view of an epoxy resin replica of the crown preparation of a vital tooth sealed with Xeno III. The dentin surface is completely coated with adhesive (A), and no exposed dentinal tubules are observed. In isolated regions of the crown preparation that probably correspond with areas of deep dentin, swelling of the adhesive layer can be observed (pointers), together with transudation of dentinal fluid over the surface of the adhesive. (D) A high-magnification view of Fig. 1C showing the presence of dentinal fluid droplets over the adhesive surface. No exposed dentinal tubules can be seen. A large number of small, submicron fluid droplets (arrow) can be seen among the larger droplets.

View larger version (114K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. SEM micrographs of epoxy resin replicas of crown preparations of vital human teeth with intact smear layers (A) and after being bonded with the control two-step self-etch adhesive UniFil Bond (B). (A) Unbonded smear-layer-covered dentin (S) showing the transudation of sparse, dentinal fluid droplets trapped by the impression material. (B) An irregular adhesive surface texture is observed after the oxygen inhibition layer was removed in vital deep dentin bonded with the control two-step self-etch adhesive. No transudation of dentinal fluid droplets can be identified.

View larger version (189K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. TEM micrographs of unstained, undemineralized resin-dentin interfaces bonded in vitro with One-Up Bond F (A-C) and iBond (D) under a hydrostatic pressure of 15 cm H2O and further coupled to a resin composite under the same pressure in the dark for 3.5 min before light-activation (to simulate the intra-oral setting time of the impression material). (A) Entrapment of water blisters (pointers) between the adhesive (A) and composite (C) in One-Up Bond F. Silver remnants can be seen along the periphery of some blisters (solid arrowheads), but the majority of the blisters are filled with epoxy resin. A 1-µm-thick, partially demineralized hybrid layer can be seen along the adhesive-dentin interface. D, intertubular dentin. (B) A high-magnification view of the adhesive layer in One-Up Bond F, showing the existence of a water tree (arrow) among the basic glass filler clusters (open arrows). Very fine, isolated silver grains (open arrowhead) are dispersed throughout the entire adhesive layer. (C) The resin-dentin interface in iBond showing the presence of water blisters (pointers) between the adhesive (A) and the composite (C). Remnant silver deposits (open arrowhead) can be identified with the water blisters. Between open arrows = hybrid layer; arrows = water trees; D = intertubular dentin. (D) A high-magnification view of the adhesive-composite interface in iBond, showing the presence of additional water trees (arrows) and isolated silver grains (open arrowhead) within the bulk of the adhesive (A). Water blisters (B) can be found within the microfilled composite (C).

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 83, No. 6, 459-464 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300605


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