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Class II Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cell and Nerve Fiber Responses to Cavities, Caries, or Caries Treatment in Human Teeth

Division of Cariology, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-bancho, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;

View larger version (122K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Photomicrographs of an intact tooth (a,b) and cavity-prepared normal teeth at 1 mo (c-h) and 2 mos (i,j) post-operatively. (c-e) Tooth, with dentin drilled halfway; (f-h) and (i,j) deep cavities, with dentin drilled more than two-thirds of the way. (a) Double channels of confocal laser scanning microscope indicate HLA-DR-positive cells (shown in red and yellow), and neural elements (in green) and odontoblasts (in green). (b) Nerve fibers are distinguishable from odontoblasts, due to the intensity of their immunoperoxidase labeling for PGP 9.5. (c) A floating section under the light microscope. Its confocal laser scanning microscopic image is shown in (d). Arrows and an asterisk in (c,d) indicate corresponding areas. (d) The thickness of the odontoblast layer is reduced under the cavity of half of the dentinal thickness (arrows). No aggregation of HLA-DR-positive cells is noted under the cavity margin (asterisk). (e) In the affected-odontoblast layer corresponding to (d), thoroughly dispersed HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells can be seen. (f) A floating section is viewed by the light microscope. Its confocal laser scanning microscopic image marked by a line in (f), corresponding to a cavity of two-thirds depth, is shown in (g). (g) HLA-DR-positive cells (in red) displace the odontoblasts under a two-thirds depth of cavity. (h) Immunoperoxidase labeling of (g) indicates that the lining cells are HLA-DR-positive cells. No cellular infiltration is seen beneath the area. (i,j) After 2 mos, HLA-DR-negative cells are lying along the dentin, under cavities reaching a depth of more than two-thirds (i). These lining cells demonstrate positive immunoreactivity for DSP (j, arrows). Bar = 500 µm (c,f), 300 µm (d), 100 µm (a,g), and 50 µm (b,e,h,i,j).

View larger version (93K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Photomicrographs of treated active caries at 3 mos post-operatively. Under confocal laser scanning microscopy, HLA-DR-positive cells are shown in red, nerve fibers and odontoblasts are shown in green. (a) A stereomicroscopic view of a floating section shows that the cavity floor is close to the pulp horn (asterisk). (b) Image of (a) obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy indicates clusters of HLA-DR-positive cells under the odontoblastic layer. (c) A closer view of (b, arrowhead) indicates the aggregated-HLA-DR-positive cells accompanying neural elements (yellow spots). (d) Histological findings of (b, arrow) show the damaged odontoblasts, as well as cellular infiltration. (e, f) Serial sections corresponding to (d) immunolabeled with HLA-DR (e) and CD45 (f). They accumulate in the same spot. (g) Near the inflamed lesions, no cellular infiltration is noted (asterisk) below atubular dentin. (h) Histological findings of (a, asterisk) indicate the fibrous reparative dentin. (i,j) Serial sections corresponding to (h) immunolabeled with HLA-DR (i) and PGP 9.5 (j). Neural elements are stained very faintly for HLA-DR (i, arrows). The processes of PGP 9.5-immunopositive odontoblasts are reaching the calciotraumatic line (j). (k) HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells embrace lymphocytes (arrows). Bar = 1 mm (a), 300 µm (b), 100 µm (c,h), 50 µm (d,e,f,g,i,j), and 20 µm (k).

View larger version (74K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Photomicrographs of untreated caries teeth of advanced-active (a-c) and slow-progressing (d-f). Under confocal laser scanning microscopy, HLA-DR-positive cells are shown in red, nerve fibers and odontoblasts are shown in green. (a) Histological findings show the fibrous reparative dentin with a wide unmineralized layer. (b) Double channels of confocal laser scanning microscopy reveal the accumulated neural elements are immunoreactive for HLA-DR (shown in yellow), besides HLA-DR positive cells (shown in red). Reparative odontoblasts are positively stained for PGP 9.5 (shown in green). (c) The level of immunoperoxidase reactivity for HLA-DR on dendritic cells (arrows) and neural elements (arrowheads) are nearly the same. See (Fig. 2i) for comparison. HLA-DR negative neural elements are seen on the left lower side. (d) One hundred-µm section embedded in Epon shows atubular and compact reparative dentin under slow-progressing caries. (e) Histological findings of (d) demonstrate atubular reparative dentin lined with a layer of flat cells. (f) A confocal laser scanning microscopic image of (d) demonstrates HLA-DR-positive elements (shown in red) are scant in number, and PGP 9.5-positive cells (arrows, shown in green) line the reparative dentin (RD). Bar = 500 µm (d), 100 µm (a,b, f), 50 µm (c,e).

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 82, No. 6, 422-427 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200604


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