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Fascination with Epithelia: Architecture, Proteins, and Functions
Beverly A. Dale
Dept. of Oral Biology, Box 357132, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7132; bdale{at}u.washington.edu
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Figure 1. Evolution in the understanding of epithelial structure and function. Changes over time are indicated left to right for the way in which epithelium has been considered and the types of methods used for investigation.
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Figure 2. The complex epithelial antimicrobial barrier. The physical barrier of the epithelium is enhanced by differentiation. The epithelium also signals other cell types in response to bacterial exposure. Epithelial antimicrobial peptides have direct action on bacteria and also signal immature dendritic cells, macrophages, and T-cells, which then further up-regulate epithelial responses. Chemokines (i.e., IL-8), cytokines, and adhesion molecules (i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1) are expressed by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (purple). Langerhans cells also migrate out of the tissue for antigen presentation and to elicit the acquired immune response. Adapted from Dale, 2002.
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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 82, No. 11,
866-869 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201104
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