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Journal of Dental Research
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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY & MEDICINE

Post-translational Regulation of Runx2 in Bone and Cartilage

J.H. Jonason1, G. Xiao2, M. Zhang1, L. Xing3 and D. Chen1,*

1 Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
2 Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; and
3 Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA

Correspondence: * di_chen{at}urmc.rochester.edu

The Runx2 gene product is essential for mammalian bone development. In humans, Runx2 haploinsufficiency results in cleidocranial dysplasia, a skeletal disorder characterized by bone and dental abnormalities. At the molecular level, Runx2 acts as a transcription factor for genes expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Runx2 gene expression and protein function are regulated on multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modification. Furthermore, Runx2 is involved in numerous protein-protein interactions, most of which either activate or repress transcription of target genes. In this review, we discuss expression of Runx2 during development as well as the post-translational regulation of Runx2 through modification by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation.

Key Words: Runx2 • phosphorylation • ubiquitination • degradation • PTHrP

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 8, 693-703 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509341629
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