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Journal of Dental Research
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Biological

Orthodontic Force Stimulates eNOS and iNOS in Rat Osteocytes

S. D. Tan1,2,*, R. Xie2,*, J. Klein-Nulend1, R. E. van Rheden2, A. L. J. J. Bronckers1, A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman2, J. W. Von den Hoff2 and J. C. Maltha2,3

1 Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
2 Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 309 Tandheelkunde, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Correspondence: j.maltha{at}dent.umcn.nl

Mechanosensitive osteocytes are essential for bone remodeling. Nitric oxide, an important regulator of bone remodeling, is produced by osteocytes through the activity of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We hypothesized that these enzymes regulate the tissue response to orthodontic force, and therefore we investigated eNOS and iNOS expression in osteocytes during orthodontic force application. The upper rat molars were moved mesially by NiTi coil springs (10 cN, 120 hrs) in a split-mouth design. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that, in the tension area, eNOS-positive osteocytes increased from 24 hrs on, while iNOS-positive osteocytes remained largely constant. In the compression area, iNOS-positive osteocytes increased after 6 hrs, while eNOS- positive osteocytes increased after 24 hrs. This suggests that eNOS mediates bone formation in the tension area, while iNOS mediates inflammation-induced bone resorption in the compression area. Both eNOS and iNOS seem to be important regulators of bone remodeling during orthodontic force application.

Key Words: osteocyte • eNOS • iNOS • nitric oxide • orthodontic force

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 3, 255-260 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034508330861
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