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Journal of Dental Research
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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY & MEDICINE

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels and Taste Sensation

Y. Ishimaru1* and H. Matsunami2,3

1 Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
2 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,
3 Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA

Correspondence: Y.I. ayishi{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp, H.M. hiroaki.matsunami{at}duke.edu

Humans have 5 basic taste sensations: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami (taste of 1-amino acids). Among 33 genes related to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, 3—including TRP-melastatin 5 (TRPM5), polycystic kidney disease-1-like 3 (PKD1L3), and polycystic kidney disease-2-like 1 (PKD2L1)—are specifically and abundantly expressed in taste receptor cells. TRP-melastatin 5 is co-expressed with taste receptors T1Rs and T2Rs, and functions as a common downstream component in sweet, bitter, and umami taste signal transduction. In contrast, polycystic kidney disease-1-like 3 and polycystic kidney disease-2-like 1 are co-expressed in distinct subsets of taste receptor cells not expressing TRP-melastatin 5. In the heterologous expression system, cells expressing both polycystic kidney disease-1-like 3 and polycystic kidney disease-2-like 1 responded to sour stimuli, showing a unique "off-response" property. Genetic ablation of poly-cystic kidney disease-2-like 1-expressing cells resulted in elimination of gustatory nerve response to sour stimuli, indicating that cells expressing polycystic kidney disease-2-like 1 function as sour taste detectors. These results suggest that polycystic kidney disease-1-like 3/polycystic kidney disease-2-like 1 may play a significant role, possibly as taste receptors, in sour taste sensation.

Key Words: taste • receptor • TRP • channel

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 3, 212-218 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034508330212
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