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In vivo Application of Amelogenin Suppresses Root Resorption

¹ Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan;
² Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan Dental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;
³ Biostructural Science, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Division of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; and
⁴ Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence: n-suda. mort{at}tmd.ac.jp

Amelogenin is recognized as an enamel protein associated with enamel formation. Besides this well-known function, remarkable root resorption has been seen in amelogenin-null mutant mice. Moreover, in vitro culture studies showed that amelogenin suppressed osteoclast differentiation. These studies raised the hypothesis that amelogenin can inhibit root resorption by reducing odontoclast number. To examine this hypothesis, we applied porcine amelogenins in a rat root resorption model, in which maxillary first molars were replanted after being air-dried. Compared with untreated and carrier-treated tooth roots, the application dramatically reduced the odontoclast number on root surfaces and inhibited cementum and root dentin resorption. Amelogenin significantly reduced the number of human odontoclastic cells in culture. It also inhibited RANKL expression in mouse bone marrow cell cultures. All these findings support our hypothesis that amelogenin application suppresses root resorption by inhibiting odontoclast number, and suggest that this is mediated by the regulation of RANKL expression.

Key Words: amelogenin • enamel matrix derivative • odontoclast • root resorption

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 2, 176-181 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034508329451


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