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Journal of Dental Research
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Clinical

Amoxicillin May Cause Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

S. Laisi1,2, A. Ess2, C. Sahlberg2, P. Arvio3, P.-L. Lukinmaa4,5 and S. Alaluusua2,6,*

1 Health Center, Ylämaa, Finland;
2 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
3 The Municipal Joint Union for Public Health in the Hämeenlinna Region, Hämeenlinna, Finland,
4 Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
5 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and
6 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Correspondence: satu.alaluusua{at}helsinki.fi

The etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is unclear. Our hypothesis was that certain antibiotics cause MIH. We examined 141 schoolchildren for MIH and, from their medical files, recorded the use of antibiotics under the age of 4 yrs. MIH was found in 16.3% of children. MIH was more common among those children who had taken, during the first year of life, amoxicillin (OR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01–4.17) or the rarely prescribed erythromycin (OR = 4.14; 95% CI, 1.05–16.4), compared with children who had not received treatment. Mouse E18 teeth were cultured for 10 days with/without amoxicillin at concentrations of 100 µg/mL–4 mg/mL. Amoxicillin increased enamel but not dentin thickness. An altered pattern of amelogenesis may have interfered with mineralization. We conclude that the early use of amoxicillin is among the causative factors of MIH.

Key Words: amoxicillin • penicillin V • macrolide • erythromycin • enamel defects • MIH

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 2, 132-136 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034508328334
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