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Journal of Dental Research
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*Bacterial Infections
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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY & MEDICINE

Diversity of Endodontic Microbiota Revisited

J.F. Siqueira, Jr.* and I.N. Rôças

Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580/cobertura, Recreio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 22790-710

Correspondence: * jf_siqueira{at}yahoo.com or siqueira{at}estacio.br

Although fungi, archaea, and viruses contribute to the microbial diversity in endodontic infections, bacteria are the most common micro-organisms occurring in these infections. Datasets from culture and molecular studies, integrated here for the first time, showed that over 460 unique bacterial taxa belonging to 100 genera and 9 phyla have been identified in different types of endodontic infections. The phyla with the highest species richness were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Diversity varies significantly according to the type of infection. Overall, more taxa have been disclosed by molecular studies than by culture. Many cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes have emerged as candidate pathogens based on detection in several studies and/or high prevalence. Now that a comprehensive inventory of the endodontic microbial taxa has been established, future research should focus on the association with different disease conditions, functional roles in the community, and susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment procedures.

Key Words: endodontic microbiology • molecular biology methods • culture • taxonomy

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 11, 969-981 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509346549
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