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Journal of Dental Research
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BIOLOGICAL

Role of Purinergic Receptor in Alpha Fodrin Degradation in Par C5 Cells

S.-M. Hwang1, J. Li1, N.-Y. Koo1, S.-Y. Choi1, S.J. Lee1, S.-B. Oh1, R. Castro2, J.-S. Kim1 and K. Park1,*

1 Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Yeongeon Dong 28, Chongno Ku, Seoul 110-749, Korea; and
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MSC 7812, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA

Correspondence: * kppark{at}snu.ac.kr

Autoantibodies specific for alpha-fodrin fragments are found in the tissues of persons afflicted with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). However, the mechanism for alpha-fodrin degradation remains elusive. The following experiments utilized Par C5 cells to examine the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in apoptosis, particularly in the cleavage and release of alpha-fodrin, an apparent SS autoantigen. Five mM ATP stimulation induced apoptotic cell death with a sustained Ca2+ influx, which was mimicked in HEK cells transfected with P2X7R. ATP also induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin mediated by caspase-3 and calpain, releasing alpha-fodrin fragments through membrane blebs. However, both apoptotic cell death and alpha-fodrin cleavage were inhibited in the presence of 300 µM oxidized-ATP (ox-ATP), an irreversible blocker of P2X7R, or in Ca2+-free solution. We concluded that P2X7R plays an important role in apoptosis and alpha-fodrin degradation in salivary epithelial cells, providing an important clue elucidating the presence of alpha-fodrin fragments in SS tissues.

Key Words: alpha-fodrin • Sjögren’s syndrome • P2X7 receptor • salivary epithelial cells

Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate • ROCK, Rho-associated kinase • MTT, methyl tetrazolium • PI, propidium iodide • [Ca2+]i, intracellular Ca2+ concentration • ox-ATP, oxidized ATP • RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction • Ab, antibody • SS, Sjögren’s syndrome • HEK, human embryonic kidney • HEK-P2X7R, HEK293 cells expressing recombinant P2X7R • FACS, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 10, 927-932 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509342227
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