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Journal of Dental Research
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Biomaterials & Bioengineering

Dentin Caries Zones: Mineral, Structure, and Properties

M.K. Pugach1, J. Strother2, C.L. Darling1, D. Fried1, S.A. Gansky3, S.J. Marshall1 and G.W. Marshall1,*

1 Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, 707 Parnassus Ave. Box 0758, Dentistry 2246, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA;
2 Naval School of Health Sciences, 2310 Craven St., Bldg. 3232, San Diego, CA 92136, USA; and
3 Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, 3333 California St., Laurel Heights 495C3 Box 1361, San Francisco, CA 94143-1361, USA

Correspondence: * corresponding author, gw.marshall{at}ucsf.edu

Caries Detector staining reveals 4 zones in dentin containing caries lesions, but characteristics of each zone are not well-defined. We therefore investigated the physical and microstructural properties of carious dentin in the 4 different zones to determine important differences revealed by Caries Detector staining. Six arrested dentin caries lesions and 2 normal controls were Caries-Detector-stained, each zone (pink, light pink, transparent, apparently normal) being analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging for microstructure, by AFM nano-indentation for mechanical properties, and by transverse digital microradiography (TMR) for mineral content. Microstructure changes, and nanomechanical properties and mineral content significantly decreased across zones. Hydrated elastic modulus and mineral content from normal dentin to pink Caries-Detector-stained dentin ranged from 19.5 [10.6–25.3] GPa to 1.6 [0.0–5.0] GPa and from 42.9 [39.8–44.6] vol% to 12.4 [9.1–14.2] vol%, respectively. Even the most demineralized pink zone contained considerable residual mineral.

Key Words: dentin • caries • mineral • mechanical properties • atomic force microscopy

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 88, No. 1, 71-76 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022034508327552
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