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Journal of Dental Research
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Biological

Inorganic Polyphosphate: a Possible Stimulant of Bone Formation

Y. Hacchou1,2, T. Uematsu1,2,*, O. Ueda3, Y. Usui4, S. Uematsu4, M. Takahashi1, T. Uchihashi1, Y. Kawazoe5, T. Shiba5, S. Kurihara4, M. Yamaoka1 and K. Furusawa1,2

1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
2 Institute for Oral Science,
3 Department of Oral Microbiology, and
4 Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0874, Japan; and
5 Regenetiss Inc., 1-5-17, Akabane, Okaya, Nagano 394-0002, Japan

Correspondence: * corresponding author, uematsu{at}po.mdu.ac.jp

Inorganic polyphosphates [Poly(P)] are often distributed in osteoblasts. We undertook the present study to verify the hypothesis that Poly(P) stimulates osteoblasts and facilitates bone formation. The osteoblast-like cell line MC 3T3-E1 was cultured with Poly(P), and gene expression and potential mineralization were evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction. Alkaline phosphatase activity, von Kossa staining, and resorption pit formation analyses were also determined. The potential role of Poly(P) in bone formation was assessed in a rat alveolar bone regeneration model. Poly(P) induced osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen 1{alpha}, and osteoprotegerin expression and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in MC 3T3-E1 cells. Dentin slice pit formation decreased with mouse osteoblast and bone marrow macrophage co-cultivation in the presence of Poly(P). Promotion of alveolar bone regeneration was observed locally in Poly(P)-treated rats. These findings suggest that Poly(P) plays a role in osteoblastic differentiation, activation, and bone mineralization. Thus, local poly(P) delivery may have a therapeutic benefit in periodontal disease.

Key Words: inorganic polyphosphate • osteoblast • osteoclast • bone formation

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 86, No. 9, 893-897 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600917
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