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Journal of Dental Research
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Biological

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

L. Kesavalu1,*, B. Vasudevan1, B. Raghu1, E. Browning1, D. Dawson1, J. M. Novak1, M.C. Correll1, M.J. Steffen1, A. Bhattacharya2, G. Fernandes2 and J.L. Ebersole1

1 Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, 159 HSRB, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA; and
2 Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA

Correspondence: * corresponding author, knlaks0{at}uky.edu

Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega ({omega})-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodontal disease in infected rats. Rats were fed fish oil ({omega}-3 FA) or corn oil (n-6 FA) diets for 22 weeks and were infected with P. gingivalis. Rats on the {omega}-3 FA diet exhibited elevated serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), documenting diet-induced changes. PCR analyses demonstrated that rats were orally colonized by P. gingivalis; increased IgG antibody levels substantiated this infection. P. gingivalis-infected rats treated with {omega}-3 FA had significantly less alveolar bone resorption. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of an {omega}-3 FA-supplemented diet in modulating alveolar bone resorption following P. gingivalis infection, and supported that {omega}-3 FA may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease. Abbreviations: PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; and PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.

Key Words: P. gingivalis • {omega}-3 PUFA • periodontal disease • alveolar bone loss • IgG antibody

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 85, No. 7, 648-652 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500713
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