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Journal of Dental Research
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Biomaterials & Bioengineering

Molecular and Biomechanical Characterization of Mineralized Tissue by Dental Pulp Cells on Titanium

H. Nakamura, L. Saruwatari, H. Aita, K. Takeuchi and T. Ogawa*

The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue (B3-081 CHS), Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA;

Correspondence: * corresponding author, tack{at}dent.ucla.edu

The application of implant therapy is still limited, because of various risk factors and the long healing time required for bone-titanium integration. This study explores the potential for osseointegration engineering with dental pulp cells (DPCs) by testing a hypothesis that DPCs generate mineralized tissue on titanium. DPCs extracted from rat incisors positive for CD44, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralizing capability were cultured on polystyrene and on machined and dual-acid-etched (DAE) titanium. Tissue cultured on titanium with a Ca/P ratio of 1.4 exhibited plate-like morphology, while that on the polystyrene exhibited fibrous and punctate structures. Tissues cultured on titanium were harder than those on polystyrene, 1.5 times on the machined and 3 times on the DAE. Collagen I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes were up-regulated on titanium, especially the DAE surface. In conclusion, DPCs showing some characteristics of the previously identified dental pulp stem cells can generate mineralized tissue on titanium via the osteoblastic phenotype, which can be enhanced by titanium surface roughness.

Key Words: osseointegration • bone-titanium integration • nano-indentation • dental pulp stem cell • dual-acid-etched surface

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 84, No. 6, 515-520 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400606
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